World Ancestry - Roots In Antiquity

CEMETERIES, FUNERAL HOMES and OBITUARIES:
" . . . Beyond the edge of time, there is a place where happiness
and rest wait hand in hand, and sunlight skips across the very
face of God.  It is a place where everlasting peace has embraced
your loved one and taken this very special person home. . . .
a loving God always knows best."   - Poem by Linda E. Knight
Sites of Memory: Historical Markers, Memorials, Monuments and Cemeteries.
* Cemetery: Cemeteries by Country - List of Famous Cemeteries
  - AGS: The Association for Gravestone Studies
  - Cemeteries and Cemetery Records: Interment.net
    - Electronic Journal Devoted to Cemeteries
  - Cemeteries and Cemetery Symbols
  - Cemeteries, Graveyards, Burying Grounds
  - Cemetery & Tombstone Transcriptions & Death Registers Online
  - Find A Grave and Saving Graves
  - Genealogy.com: Virtual Cemetery
  - List of Tombs and Mausoleums
    - Mausoleum: List of Mausolea
  - Plotting a Trip to the Cemetery
  - RootsLink Search Results - Cemetery
* Funeral Home: Funeral
  - funeralCENTRAL™
  - Internet Directory of World Wide Funeral Homes
* Historical Marker: The Historical Marker Database
* Memorial and Monument: Monuments and Memorials by Country
  - The Church Monuments Society: Links
  - Death Memorials in the WWW
  - List of Noted Memorials: War Memorial
* Obituary: Deaths in 2008 and Previous Years
  - Ancestral Graveyard
  - Free Obituaries On-Line
  - Obituaries 101 (Canada)
  - Obituaries on Yahoo!® News
  - Obituary Central
  - Obituary Daily Times Search
    Index of published obituaries world wide.
* Resource Information: Death Customs
  - Antiquus Morbus
    Genealogist's resource for interpreting causes of death.
  - The Blog of Death
  - The Death Clock
    When am I going to die?  Like the hourglass of the Net, the Death Clock
    will remind you about how short life is.
  - Globalhealthfacts.org
    What are the facts?
  - Journey of Hearts™
    Healing Place for those Dealing with Grief.
  - List of Unusual Deaths
  - Living To 100 Life Expectancy Calculator
    Will you actually be living to 100+?
  - Sociology of Death and Dying
* USA:
  - Legacy.com™
    - Legacy.com/ObitMessenger (USA)
  - National Obituary Archive (NOA)™
  - Nationwide Gravesite Locator
    Search for burial locations of veterans and their family members.
  - ObitsArchive.com (USA)
  - Obituaries 101 (USA)
  - Obituaries Search (USA)
  - Online Searchable Death Indexes & Records (USA)
  - The Political Graveyard - USA



CENSUS and POPULATION RECORDS: Census - Counting Heads Around the World
Genealogy of International Census databases.  Evaluating  census tradition within
the U.K., Scandinavia, and selected European countries and how cooperative
projects between governments, genealogists, social scientists, and church
organizations have begun to make these records much more accessible.

CENSUS - GENERAL:
* Census Finder - Links to all the FREE census online
* Censuslinks on the 'Net
* Census Online
  Web's Largest Directory of Free Census Records.
* Census Records Search - Ancestry.com
* CensusTools: Free Genealogy Spreadsheets
  Census, Cemetery and Passenger Manifest Data.
* Current Census on the Internet
  - Census Links and World Census Questionnaires
* RootsLink Search Results - Census

COMMONWEALTH of NATIONS: Commonwealth of Nations
* Census in Australia
* Census in Canada: Canada - Databases
  - Census of Canada 1851
  - Census of Canada 1901 and 1901 - 1911 - other projects Index
  - Census of Canada 1911
    - Searching the 1911 Canadian Census by Name in One Step
* Census in New Zealand: Census of Population and Dwellings
* Census in the United Kingdom and the British Isles
  - Census - British 1901 plus more
  - Census of Ireland 1911
  - FreeCEN : UK Census Online Project
  - List of United Kingdom Censuses
  - Victorian Census Project
* Census of India: Census and You - Index
  - Census and You - Brief History of Census
  - Census and You - Data Item Collected In Census
* Foreign Census Databases: British - Canadian

MULTINATIONAL and WORLDWIDE:
* Early European Population Statistics and Censuses
* Multinational Census Records: British & Canadian 1881 & US 1880
* United States and British Censuses (class notes)
* WORLD POPULATION: Population Reference Bureau
  - 6 Billion Others
  - Demography & Population Studies: Demography
    - World Population Since Creation
  - GeoHive : Country Data Index
  - Historical Microdata from around the World
  - International Union for the Scientific Study of Population: Links
  - List of Countries by Population
  - NationMaster.com
  - Official Statistics On the Web: OFFSTATS
  - Population Index
    Primary reference tool to the world's population literature.
  - SocioSite: Demography and Population Studies
  - World-Systems and Globalization Research Centers

NATIONAL:
* Census in Denmark
* Census in France
* Census in Germany: German Census of 1895
* Census in Norway
* Census in the Russian Empire: Census  of 1897: Russian Census 2002
* USA: United States Census - Soundex
  - Census and Genealogy
  - Census Book [WorldCat.org]
    Comprehensive review of census schedules that will allow you to take
    advantage of the research possibilities revealed by census data.
  - Decennials - Census of Population and Housing
    - 1790 Census of Population and Housing
  - Enumerator Instructions
  - gCensus - Census Data Over Google Maps
  - Genealogy Ancestry and Family History
    Popular Name Search - locate information on genealogical
    research for every name listed in the US Census data.
  - Guide to U. S. Federal Censuses: U.S. Census Tutorial
    - 1900 Census
    - Obtaining EDs and streets for the 1910-1940 Census in One Step
  - Historical Census Browser - USA
  - History of the Census and Its Samples
  - NARA - Genealogists & Family Historians - Census Records
  - State Census Index (USA)
  - U. S. Census Facts



DATABASES: The Database Universe - DCMI Projects - Electronic Texts
* Academic Databases and Search Engines
* Databases and Privacy (pdf)
* History and Preservation of Digital Information - Links (NIWI) (archived)
* INTERNET ARCHIVE
  - Internet Archive: Text Archive
  - Memory of the World
  - The Wayback Machine Digital Library
    Worldwide databases, history, preservation: online Internet archives.
* PADI - Preserving Access to Digital Information

GENERAL:
* Ancestry.com and Index of Databases on Ancestry.com
  Web's largest collection of searchable genealogy databases.
* Archives and Knowledge Management
  Scholarly online resource evidence and records.
* Browsers - Directories - Portals:
  Genealogy and Family History Link Sites.
* David's World
  Excellent resources finding page with a Star Trek theme.
* Education Publications & Online Books
* Family Group Sheet Project (USGenWeb)
* FamilySearch™ Internet Genealogy Service
  - Ancestors - All Resources from FamilySearch™
    - FamilySearch™ News
      Free access to information in United States and British records.
* Free Birthday Database
  Database of 120 million names and birth dates.
* Free Genealogy Archives
  Free Genealogy Databases and Genealogy Resources.
* Gale - Catalog - Browse by Subject
* Gateways to the World and Global Resources
  International Collections from the Library of Congress.
* GeneaLinks Databases
* GeneaNet
  Genealogical Database Network, indexing all
  of the genealogical resources over the world.
* Genealogy Databases
* Genealogy Searching Center
  Free Online Genealogy Databases.
* General Genealogical Resources [includes Gedcom]
* GenSource Online Databases
* Gengateway.com: Genealogy Gateways To The Internet
* International Genealogy Sleuth
  Records retrieval and ancestry research.
* List of General Genealogy Databases
* Multigen: Genealogical Databases
* MyHeritage Research
  Free genealogy search engine.
* The Olive Tree Genealogy
* One-Step Webpages by Stephen P. Morse
  One-Step Portal for On-Line Genealogy.
* Online Data Vendors and Information Brokers
  There are many websites that sell or provide for free,
  personal information about individuals.  This information
  is gathered from many sources including white pages listings
  (directory assistance), publicly-available sources and public records.
  - Data vendors that offer an opt out policy
  - Data vendors that do not offer an opt out policy
* Pedigree & Lineage Networking: Family Trees
* RootsWeb.com: Genealogical Databases
* SearchSystems.net: Directory and Public Record Finder.com
  Largest Free Public Records Database Collections.
* WeRelate™
  Free web search engine and wiki for genealogy.
* Who Can Find People?
  Find people, places and things.

UNITED STATES:
  - Access to Archival Databases - NARA (USA)
  - City Directories - USA and City Directories of the United States
  - Genealogy Trails
    Free transcribed genealogical and historical data for researchers.
  - KnowX.com - Public Records
    All initial searches are Free except as indicated by the $ sign.
  - Linkpendium: Genealogy > USA
  - Public Records: U.S., State, County & City
  - Public USA Records: Free Record Searches
  - United States Genealogy Sleuth
  - USA.gov
    Official website for searching U.S. Government Databases.
    - Family, Home and Community for Citizens on USA.gov



IMMIGRATION - MIGRATION: Immigration - Immigration Links - Migration News
* The Association of European Migration Institutions
* Forced Migration Online: Human Displacement
  - Displaced Persons' (DP) Camps - Human Trafficking Search
* Immigration & Migration in Latin America - LANIC
* Migration and Ethnic Relations
* Migration Patterns & Ethnic Relations World Wide
* MPI | Data Hub | Country and Comparative Data
* Population, Migration & Refugee Studies
* Stalker's Guide to International Migration

ANCIENT and MODERN EXPLORATIONS: Old World Contacts
Society for the History of Discoveries
Geographical discovery and voyages of exploration.
* Age of Exploration - The Mariners' Museum®
* European Migrations to North America
  - Early European Explorers: List of Explorers
    - The European Voyages of Exploration
    - The Explorations of Christopher Columbus and Christopher Columbus Descendants
    After Christopher Columbus returned to Spain from his 1492–1493 expedition
    to San Salvador, Cuba, and Hispaniola, other European explorers began voyages
    to North America.  In 1497 John Cabot explored the coasts of Labrador, Newfoundland,
    and New England. Juan Ponce de León explored Florida and part of the Yucatán Peninsula
    in the early 1500s. In 1519 Hernán Cortés invaded Mexico and subsequently spent
    several years conquering the Aztecs.  From: Microsoft® Encarta®.


CITIZENSHIP and NATURALIZATION:
* Citizenship: Citizenship Laws of the World (pdf)
* Nationality Law and Naturalization
* North America:
  - Naturalization & Citizenship Records in the USA & Canada
    - Finding US Naturalization Records
  - United States Nationality Law: USCIS: United States Citizenship & Immigration Services
    - American Immigration Resources on the Internet
    - Migration Information Source - U.S. in Focus
    - Professional Online Immigration Services
    - United States Immigration Support

COLONIZATION and HISTORY: Colonialism and Exploration
Extension of a nation's sovereignty over territory and people outside its own boundaries,
often to facilitate economic domination over their resources, labor, and markets.
* List of Colonial Territories by Country
  - European Colonization of the Americas: Decolonization
    British Colonization - Courland Colonization - Danish Colonization - Dutch Colonization
    French Colonization - German Colonization - Portuguese Colonization - Russian Colonization
    Scottish Colonization - Spanish Colonization - Swedish Colonization - Viking Colonization
    Welsh Colonization

GENEALOGY and FAMILY HISTORY DATA:
Genealogy - Locating the Previous Overseas Residence
Tracing Immigrant Origins Research Outline
General - Multi- National:
* ancestorsonboard.com - A journey of discovery
* CIMO - Cimorelli Immigration Manifests Online
* Emigrations from Bremen
* Guide to Immigration Records and Ship's Passenger Lists
* Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild
  - Immigrant Ship Information
* Immigrants Ancestors Project
  Uses emigration registers to locate information about the birthplaces
  of immigrants in their native countries, which is not found in the port
  registers and naturalization documents in the destination countries.
* Immigration Records Search - Ancestry.com
* Internet Sources for Transcribed Passenger Records & Indexes
* Passenger Lists On The Internet
  - Ship Information: TheShipsList
    - Lloyd's Register of British & Foreign Shipping: 1764 - 2003
      Includes rigging, the tonnage, dimensions, propulsion, owners and her Master.
    - Manifest Markings
      Guide to interpreting immigration passenger lists markings, or annotations.
    - Palmer List of Merchant Vessels
* United States: Immigration to the United States
  - American Family Immigration History Center Ellis Island (NYC, USA)
    - Ellis Island: Searching the Ellis Island Database in One Step
  - Castle Garden
    Access to database on 10 million immigrants, from 1830 through 1892,
    the year Ellis Island opened.
  - Immigrant Arrivals: A Guide To Published Sources
    Bibliographies & Guides - Local History & Genealogy Reading Room (Library of Congress).
  - Immigrant Servants Database
    Records of colonists: indentured servants, convict servants, and redemptioners, who settled
    south of New England, as found in American and European sources, from 1607 through 1820.
  - Immigration History Research Center(UM) and Family History Research
  - Migrations
  - US Ports of Arrival & Their Available Immigration Records - Passenger Lists

REGIONAL MOVEMENTS: Diaspora
* General:
  - History of International Migration: Links
    - International migration 1450 - 1800
    - International Migration, 1750 - 1914
    - International Migration, 1914-1945
    - International Migration, Since 1945
  - Migration Museums
  - Moving Here - 200 years of Migration to England
    - Migration Histories: Introduction to Migration Histories
      - Caribbean
      - Irish
      - Jewish: Records in Other Countries
      - South Asian: Records in Other Countries
* North American:
  - American Journeys
    Eyewitness Accounts of Early American Exploration and Settlement.
  - Emigrants to North America after 1776 - The National Archives UK
  - The Nature and Origins of Emigration To America
    Emigrant ancestry in the 16th and 17th centuries.
* North American: Canada
   - The Peopling of Canada 1891-1921 (and before) - 1946-1976
    - Pier21 - Gateway to Canada
* North American: United States:
  - Facts About American Immigration (Book)
    The largest portion of the book (Parts II–VI) is divided by region: Europe, Africa, Asia,
    the Americas, and Oceania.  Each part begins with a brief introduction to the region,
    followed by a series of articles focusing on specific countries or groups of countries
    within that region.  Articles include tables and graphs that summarize and portray
    statistical information relating to that group's immigration, as well as specific Internet
    and print resources.  Each regional section concludes with tables and graphs
    summarizing the pattern of immigration from the region, plus regional Internet
    and print resources.
  - Immigration to the United States: 1789-1930
  - Virtual Jamestown- State of Virginia USA

TRANSPORTATION and MIGRATION PATTERNS: Portal:Transport
Ocean - Port - Seaports - Ship Transport - Waterways: Canals - Links
* History of the West Coast of North America
* Transatlantic Migrations
  - American Migration Patterns
    - American Rivers and Waterways
    - Early American Trails and Roads
  - Portal:U.S. Roads



INHERITANCE: Court & Legal - Estate (law) - Probate - Will (law) or Testament
* Glossary - Wills and Probate Services - Inheritance Tax: Glossary of Terms
* USA: Estate Finance™: Probate Law, Attorneys and Information by State
  - American Academy of Estate Planning Attorneys: Resources
  - Crash Course in Wills & Trusts
    Estate planning, living trusts, probate, etc.
  - DoYourOwnWill.com
  - Estate Planning Resources
  - EstatePlanningLinks.com
  - Glossary of Insurance Terms
  - U.S. Living Will Registry®
    - Advance Directive Forms
  - Wills & Estate Planning
* Worldwide Record Resources: Will (law): International: Legal History
  Historical development, prime issues in inheritance and succession
  and wills and testaments: beyond the Index.
  - Ancestry.com: Search Court, Land & Probate Records
  - Blake & Blake Genealogists
    Finding missing heirs and international probate research.
  - International Bibliography
  - RootsLink Search Results - Probates: RootsLink Search Results - Wills
    Ancient, Medieval and Early Modern Wills and Probate Inventories.
  - Wills & Probate Resources (United Kingdom - British Isles)
    - English Probate Jurisdiction Maps and Guides
    - The National Archives | DocumentsOnline | Wills



LAND & PROPERTY RECORDS - FARM ORIGINS:
AGRICULTURE: Agriculture and the History of Farming & Cities
The basic ancestry and historical setting of mankind since Adam
and Eve, in all nations and history of the organization of work,
have been involved in farming.  “More of the world's aggregate
manpower is devoted to agriculture than to all other occupations
combined.” Ref: Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article.
* Agricultural History on the Internet: A Finding Aid
* Agropolis - Museum: Food & Agricultures of the World
* Almanac.com - The Old Farmer's Almanac
* History of Horticulture: PlantFacts
* Living History, Agricultural and Open-Air Museums
* The Museum of English Rural Life and Penrhos Trust
  - Green and Pleasant Land [British]
* Portal:Agropedia
  - AgricultureB2B - Directory
  - Agriscape™
  - eXtension
    Objective, research-based, credible information and tools to improve life.
  - Farm and Agriculture (AgNIC) Portal
  - Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS)
  - International Association of Agricultural Information Specialists
* Science and Technology > Life Sciences and Agriculture > Agriculture
* SocioSite: Rural Sociology (Worldwide)
* United States Agriculture:
  - Core Historical Literature of Agriculture
    United States history cannot fully be understood without
    studying its rural life and agricultural heritage.
  - Farmhouses in the Heartland
  - Grange Movement
  - George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate
  - History of American Agriculture 1776 - 1990  (archived)
    - Farmers and the Land (archived)
    - Life on the Farm (archived)
    - Updates for History of American Agriculture Chart, 1990-1997  (archived)
  - USDA History Collection Guide, Special Collections of NAL

PROPERTY: List of Terms for Country Subdivisions
Real property is a legal term encompassing real estate and ownership interests in real
estate (immovable property).  It is a type of property differentiated from personal property.
* Court, Land & Probate Records Search - Ancestry.com: Legal & Court
* Land Record Reference
* Manorialism: Manor Courts - Manorial Law
  - Manorial Documents Register
  - Manorial Lordships and Feudal Titles
    - Lord of the Manor: Manor House
* Maps in Genealogy: Community, Maps & Geography
  - Cultural Landscapes
    Worldwide large-scale maps such as individual land surveys,
    county land ownership maps and atlases, large-scale topographic
    maps and thematic maps showing economic activity.  These maps
    show the cultural modification of a physical landscape as settlers
    established their farmsteads and villages, constructed the connecting
    transportation systems and named their surroundings.
    - Geographic Locations: A to South America
    - Geographic Locations: Soviet Union to United States
    - Geographic Locations: United States to Yucatán Peninsula
* USA:
  - Bureau Of Land Management  State Resources for Research
    - General Land Office Records and Visitors Center
      - General Land Office Records search for Land Patents
  - Homestead Act, Homestead History, Homesteading (archived)
    and current Rural Living.
  - Land Descriptions: USA
  - Landownership Maps and Atlases
    Collections include both maps and atlases that were produced
    primarily for the purpose of showing landownership.
    - Land Ownership Maps in the Library of Congress
  - Land Records Research Directory
  - US GeoGen Project ™
    Combine the hobbies of genealogy and electronic orienteering.
  - Using Townships In Your Research
  - Virtual Museum of Surveying



LOOKUPS: Volunteer
* Books We Own List
* Free Genealogy Lookups (AncestralFindings.com)
* Free Genealogy Look Ups (GeneaSearch)
* Genealogical CD's & WFT CDs
* Genealogy Look Up Forum
* GenLookups.com
* LOOK-UPS
* LookupUK.com - Lookup United Kingdom
* Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness
* Record Lookups Forum
* Research and Learning
* Rhonda's Links to Look Up Volunteer's
* Who Can Find People?
* Yahoo! Groups: Genie-Angels



SOCIAL SECURITY RECORDS: Social Security
INTERNATIONAL ORIGINS and PROGRAMS
* Guild
  Association of craftsmen in a particular trade.
  The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers.
  - Apprenticeship - Journeyman - Master Craftsman - Tradesman
* Portal:Organized Labour - Categories
  - International Association of Labour History Institutions
    - Labour History by WWW Virtual Library
  - International Labour Organization
    - Social Protection
    - Social Security Policy and Development
    - Socio-Economic Security Programme
    - WebLinks to External Web sites
      2 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Ö
* Social Security Programs Throughout the World
  Highlights the principal features of social security programs in more than
  170 countries: old-age, survivors, and disability; sickness and maternity;
  work injury; unemployment and family allowances.
  - History of Social Insurance
  - International Social Security Association
  - Pensions: Pension
  - Social Security in other Countries
    - Africa
    - The Americas
      - USA: Social Security - United States
        - Cato Institute Social Security Choice and Reform
        - CPSR - Frequently Asked Questions on SSNs and Privacy
        - Genealogy Using Social Security Records
        - Searching the Social Security Death Index in One Step
        - Social Security Administration (SSA) Records Information
        - Social Security Death Index - Ancestry.com
        - Social Security Death Index - Genealogy.com
        - Social Security Death Index Interactive Search - RootsWeb.com
        - Social Security Death Index Search - Family Tree Legends
        - Social Security Death Index Search - LDS FHL
        - Social Security Handbook (Updated)
          Basic guide to the Social Security Programs.
        - Social Security Number
          - CPSR - Structure of Social Security Numbers
    - Asia and the Pacific
    - Europe



VITAL RECORDS: Documentation and Publications
Documentation and Vital Records: Birth - Marriage (Divorce) - Death

GENERAL: Safeguarding Vital Records
* Birth, Marriage & Death Records Search
  Ancestry.com multi-country research.
* Births, Deaths & Marriages Exchange
  National links and global connections.
* FamilySearch™
  Search: Vital Records Index.
* International Vital Records
  Foreign vital records, adoption resources, genealogy help and investigators.
  - International Vital Records Handbook
* RootsLink Search Results - Vital Statistics (BMD)
* subject:"Registers of births, etc" - Google™ Book Search
* World Vital Records: WorldVitalRecords Blog
GENERAL: Bible:
* Bible Records Online: Family Bible Records
* RootsLink Search Results - Bible Records
GENERAL: Marrage:
* A to Z Marriage Records
  Free Marriage Records - Vital Records: Canada - Ireland - UK - USA
  - JNUL Ketubbot Database (Jewish marriage contract or ketubbah)
* RootsLink Search Results - Marriages
* subject:"Marriage customs and rites" - Google™ Book Search

SPECIFIC COUNTRY - GROUP:
Specific Country Group - Europe: 
* Regional Genealogy and Local History Research: Europe
* To Have and to Hold: Marrying and its Documentation in Western Christendom, 400 - 1600
  Google™ book search review, "through property deeds, marital settlements,
  dotal charters, church court depositions, and other indicia of marital consent." .
Specific Country Group - UK:
* Birth, Marriage, and Death: Ritual, Religion and the Life Cycle in Tudor and Stuart England
  Google™ book search review, "a massive and well-documented overview
  of the experience of, and attitudes towards, various aspects of the life-cycle"
  in Tudor (1485 -1603) and Stuart England (1603 - 1714).
* England & Wales Registration Certificate Tutorials
  - Family Relatives: Free Records and Pay-Per-View Records
    Over 100 million records which can be searched, browsed or viewed for free.
    Pay access to over 400 million records and images to Indexes dating from 1837
    to 2004 on, for England and Wales.  Includes military records, civil registrations,
    overseas records, parish records from 1546 to 1837 and United States records.
  - findmypast.com
    Search Birth, Marriage and Death records 1837 - 2005 on; pay access.
  - FreeBMD for England and Wales
* Parish Register
  - FreeREG - Search English Parish Register Transcripts and Indexes
Specific Country - USA:
* FamilySearch.org - News
* Regional Genealogy and Local History Research: USA
* Vital Records for the United States
  - A to Z Death Records
    Search Free Death Records and Vital Records for the USA.
  - Birth Records Database
    Guide to Finding USA Birth Records and Databases on the Internet.
  - Discrepancies in Vital Records and Indexes
    Example of errors found in record sources at NJ State Archives.
  - Online Genealogy Records and Resources
  - Vital Records Information for the United States
    Vital records from each state, territory and county.
  - VitalSearch-Worldwide.com: (US) State Search Portal