OneSource Genealogy and Family History Searchable Databases
Alphabetic History of Civilization: Ancient & Modern Genealogies
World Ancestry - Roots In Antiquity

CEMETERIES, FUNERAL HOMES and OBITUARIES: Dolmen - Funerary Art - Tumulus
Twittering (X) Dead Project: aims to protect tweets of the deceased
WORLDWIDE OBITUARY DATABASE / CEMETERY FILE: UPDATE
The dead may outnumber the living on Facebook® within 50 years.
" . . . Beyond the edge of time, there is a place where happiness
and rest wait hand in hand, and sunlight skips across the very
face of God.  It is a place where everlasting peace has embraced
your loved one and taken this very special person home. . . .
a loving God always knows best."   - Poem by Linda E. Knight
Worldwide Sites of Memory: Historical Markers, Memorials, Monuments and Cemeteries.
* Cemetery: Cemeteries by Country - Lists of Cemeteries
  - Cemeteries and Cemetery Symbols
    Exploring the meaning of cemetery symbols and other graveyard mysteries.
  - Cemeteries, Graveyards, Burying Grounds
    Links to resources on cemetery history and preservation.
  - Cemetery & Tombstone Transcriptions & Burial Registers Online (archived)
  - Cemetery - General - Genealogy.com
  - Cemetery Records Online (across the world) - Interment.net
    - Electronic Journal Devoted to Cemeteries
  - CemoMemo - Apps on Google™ Play
    - Cemomemo - רישום וסימון מצבות: English
  - Effigies & Brasses: Database & Image Collection
    Images and links of European medieval monumental tombs.
  - Find A Grave™: Find A Grave™
    - Find A Grave In Scotland
    - Find A Grave Volunteers
  - Genealogy, I am Doing It...Plotting a Trip to the Cemetery | Meridian Magazine
  - Headstone
    - AGS: The Association for Gravestone Studies
    - BillionGraves: Countries
      Records, images, associated GPS data for exact
      Google™ Maps global cemetery marker location.
    - Canadian Headstones
  - List of Tombs & Mausoleums
    - Mausoleum: List of Mausolea (by country)
  - Names In Stone - Cemetery Maps / Cemetery Records
  - Online Help for Locating Cemeteries and Graves
  - Saving Graves
    Educate and assist in the worldwide networking
    of people interested in protecting, restoring and
    preserving historic cemeteries.
* Commemorative Plaque: The Historical Marker Database
  - Geographic Lists of Historical Markers
* Cyndi's List - Cemeteries & Funeral Homes
* Funeral: Funeral Home
  - Keyword: "Funeral Customs And Rites"
  - FuneralZoom®
    Hold an officiated celebration of life or memorial for your loved one — online.
  - Internet Directory of World Wide Funeral Homes
* HereAfter - Never Lose Someone You LOVE.
  Alexa-style “bot” that uses artificial intelligence (AI) software to let people
  “talk” with deceased friends and relatives. The device uses voice recordings
  made before a person dies to create the bot. Loved ones later can talk,
  joke, and reminisce with the bot, as if the friend or relative is still alive.
* Memorial and Monument: Monuments & Memorials by Country
  - Church Monuments Society: Links
  - Death Memorials in the WWW
  - Handbook for Identification, Care and Repair of Monuments (pdf)
  - List of Noted Memorials: War Memorial
  - Memory Medallion®
    - Lives of the Dead Come to Life on Tombstones | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
  - Monumental Archive Project
  - Online Memorial: Death and the Internet - Social Profiling
  - Scotland Monumental Inscriptions | findmypast.com
* Obituary: Lists of Notable Deaths by Year - Current to A.D. 2023
  - Ancestry.com - Obituaries
    - Newspapers.com Obituary Index, 1800s-current
  - Cyndi's List - Obituaries
  - How to Find an Obituary . . . That's Not Online
  - Obituaries, Newspapers, Death Records, and More! - MyHeritage
  - Obituaries - Obituaries
  - Obituaries (Public Libraries)
  - Obituary Daily Times
    Index of published obituaries world wide.
  - World Newspapers Listed by Country | Paperboy Online Newspapers
    - Australian Newspapers | Paperboy Australian Edition (Search Obituaries)
    - Canadian Obituaries, 1997-2017 - MyHeritage
    - Obituaries 101 (Canada)
* People Legacy
  Burial records: gravesite, tombstone photo and death date.
* Resource Information: Thanatology
  - Antiquus Morbus (archived)
    Genealogist's resource for interpreting causes of death.
    - List A - List B - List C - List D - List E - List F - List G - List H - List I - List J
      List K - List L - List M - List N - List O - List P - List Q - List R - List S - List T
      List U - List V - List W - List X - List Y - List Z
  - Archaeology of Graveyards - Department of Archaeology
    Classics and Egyptology - University of Liverpool.
  - Association for Death Education and Counseling®: Resources
    The Thanatology Association®: Organizations and Links
  - Blog of Death
  - Coping With Loss
    Helpful Websites on Grief & Bereavement.
  - Death Customs
  - Encyclopedia of Death, Dying and Funerals - Sysoon [en]
  - Handbook of Death and Dying - Google™ Books
    Particular patterns of death and dying engender modal cultural
    responses, and such institutionalized behavior has familiar,
    economical, educational, religious, and political implications.
  - Journey of Hearts™
    Online Healing Place for Anyone Grieving a Loss.
  - List of Unusual Deaths
  - Macmillan Encyclopedia of Death and Dying (Book, 2003) [WorldCat.org]
    - Michael C. Kearl, Ph.D. | Inside.Trinity.edu
      - A Sociological Tour Through Cyberspace
  - Medical and Health
    Genetics, genealogy and history.
  - Veneration of the Dead
* UK: UK Newspapers | Paperboy UK Edition (Search Obituaries)
  - Deceased Online
    Burial records, cremation records, grave maps, genealogy and ancestry.
  - National Burial Index for England & Wales | findmypast.com
* USA: CemeteryRegistry.US - Registry of Cemeteries
  - ArrangeOnline.com
    Assisting families and funeral homes.
  - Legacy.com | Where Life Stories Live On
    - Legacy.com/ObitMessenger (USA)
  - LifeStoryNet.com
    Exclusive providers of the Life Story Experience™
  - List of Burial Mounds in the United States
    Built by Native Americans (Lamanites).
  - Memoriams.com™ - Login
  - Mourning America
    Remembering the lives of every man, woman and child claimed by COVID-19.
  - NamUs - National U.S.
    Missing and unidentified persons system,
    that can be searched by the general public.
  - Nationwide Gravesite Locator
    Search for burial locations of veterans and their family members.
  - NewspaperObituaries.net
  - Obituaries 101 (USA)
  - Obituaries | TOPIX - Search Obituaries
    Search over 95 Million Obituaries and Death Notices.
  - ObituariesHelp.org
    Newspaper obituaries, genealogy, obituary and funeral resources.
  - Obituary Archives - Find Your Ancestors' Story
  - Obituary Central (USA)
    Obituary database and headquarters for finding obituaries.
  - Online Searchable Death Indexes, Records and Obituaries
  - Paperboy Online Newspapers | US & World Newspapers
    Paperboy provides easy access to online newspapers,
    newspaper obituaries and death notices, local news,
    front pages, headlines and more.
  - Political Graveyard - USA
    Most comprehensive source of United States political biography.
  - Time For Memory (Nationwide - United States)
    Memorial to those we love.
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CENSUS and POPULATION RECORDS: Census - Counting Heads Around the World
Genealogy of International Census databases.  Evaluating  census tradition within
the U.K., Scandinavia, and selected European countries and how cooperative
projects between governments, genealogists, social scientists, and church
organizations have begun to make these records much more accessible.

CENSUS - GENERAL - REGIONAL:
Census | Facts, Definition, Methods, & History | Britannica.com: Census History
* 1703 Census of Iceland | United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
  The first comprehensive census taken in Iceland and the oldest extant nominal census
  in the world that includes every member of a country's population,
  with name, age and social status.
* CensusTools Spreadsheet Tempates for Census Data - CensusTools
* Cyndi's List - Census Worldwide
* Filling Out The Family
  Censuses in family history.
* Historical Record Collections — FamilySearch.org: Census Records
* IPUMS International: International Partners
  Integrated Public Use Microdata Series - International.
  Collecting and distributing census data from around the world.
  - World Population Census Forms, 1955-Present
    - Census Dates for Countries and Areas of the World: 1945 to 2014 (archived)
* Lost Cousins: Putting Relatives In Touch
  - Help & Advice: Search the Census
* My Free Census - Search Free Census Records Online
* Project MUSE: Searched for: the term [ census ] in content (over 37,000 results)
  Books and journals in the humanities and social sciences from over 200
  of the world’s most distinguished university presses and scholarly societies.

COMMONWEALTH of NATIONS: Commonwealth of Nations
Colonies and Dependencies from 1782 - The National Archives
Discovery | The National Archives
Empire and Commonwealth Records Held by Other Archives - The National Archives
List of Member States of the Commonwealth of Nations by Population
* Census & Voter Lists - MyHeritage
* Census and Voter Lists | Ancestry
* Census in Australia
* Census in Canada: Canada - Databases
  - Automated Genealogy
  - Canada Census: Censuses - Library and Archives Canada
  - Searching the Canadian Census by Name in One Step
* Census in the United Kingdom (and the British Isles)
  - 1939 Register of England & Wales - MyHeritage
  - 2011 Census - Office for National Statistics
  - Census Records - The National Archives
  - Census - The Family Historian's Guide
  - England Census and Wales Census
    - England and Wales, Isle of Man and Channel Islands Census, 1881
  - freecensus
  - List of Old English Occupations and Descriptions
  - List of United Kingdom Censuses
  - LookupUK.com - Lookup United Kingdom - 1901 British Census + more
  - National Archives: Census of Ireland 1901/1911
    - Census of Ireland 1911
  - Searching the UK Census by Name in One Step
* India Map, Map of India: India
  - Census India Library
  - Demographics of India, Indian Demographics Data
  - Digital Colonial Documents India: Census Reports from 1871 to 1901
  - India Census, India Census Map, Demographic Maps of India
  - List of States and Union Territories of India by Population
  - Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
* New Zealand Census

MULTINATIONAL and WORLDWIDE: Population (External Links): Human Population
World by Map: Statistics, Maps & Charts
* European Historical Population Samples Network: Database List - Links / all
* Index of International Statistical Agencies
  U.S. Census Bureau Links to National Statistical Agencies across the world.
  - International Programs: Related Sites
    - International Data Base (IDB)
* Population Reference Bureau – Inform, Empower, Advance.
  - 2019 World Population Data Sheet: Focus on Changing Age Structures
  - PRB'S Population Handbook - 6th (current) Edition, 2011 (pdf)
    Quick guide to population dynamics for journalists, policymakers,
    teachers, students, and other people interested in demographics
  - SocioSite: Demography and Population Studies
* World Population: PopulationMondiale.com
  - 7 Billion Others
  - Demography: Demographics of the World
    - Demography - Statistics & Facts | Statista
  - International Union for the Scientific Study of Population
    - Population Databases
    - Population-related Websites
  - IROWS-Links to Globalization Research
  - List of Countries by Population
  - Population Index
    Searchable and browsable database containing 46,035 abstracts
    of demographic literature published in Population Index in the period 1986-2000.
    The complete journal collection going back to the 1930s is available in JSTOR.
  - SocioSite: Demography - Population Studies
  - Statistics and Numeric Data Collections - International - The University of Auckland
  - World Population Growth - Our World In Data
    First published in 2013; most recent substantial revision in May 2019.
  - World Population Since Creation
    Growth of world population can be calculated by a well-known formula.
  - Worldometers - Real Time World Statistics

NATIONAL: Category:Census Records by Country
* Census & Voter Lists - MyHeritage
* Census and Voter Lists | Ancestry
* Census Links
  Catalog of links to transcriptions of census, tax lists, birth, death, marriage
  and military records, all freely available to help with your genealogy research.
* Census Online
  Directory of free census records.
* Dutch Censuses 1795-1971 (Volkstellingen)
  - Foreign Projects (Volkstellingen)
    Census and other statistical data from various countries.
* German Census of 1895
* Mexico Census:
  - Project MUSE - Guadalajara Census Project, Volume I
    The Guadalajara Censuses of 1821 and 1822 (review).
* Norwegian Historical Data Centre (NHDC), The Arctic University of Norway
  - Historical Microdata around the World (1st version) (archived)
* Population and Housing Censuses by Country
  - Americas
  - Africa
  - Asia
  - Europe
  - Oceania
* Russian Census (2002)
* Russian Empire Census (1897)
* USA: United States Census: United States Census (Soundex)
  - Beginning Research in United States Census Records
    - 1790 Census - 1800 Census - 1810 Census - 1820 Census - 1830 Census - 1840 Census
    - 1850 Census | 1850 Mortality Schedule | 1850 Slave Schedule
    - 1860 Census - 1870 Census - 1880 Census - 1890 Census
    - 1900 Census / 1900 Census
    - 1910 Census
    - 1920 Census
    - 1930 Census  | 1930 Merchant Seamen
    - 1940 Census  / 1940 Census | U.S. National Archives
    - 1950 Census - Official Website | U. S. National Archives
    - Census Database Collection
    - Census Online
      United States Directory of free census records.
    - Free Census Project (USGenWeb)
    - My Free Census - Search Free U.S. Census Records Online
    - Searching the US Census by Name in One Step
      - Overview of One-Step Census Forms
        - Unified Census ED Finder
    - United States Census - Colonial
    - United States Census - Indian Schedules: American Indian Census Rolls
    - United States Census - Internet Archive
    - United States Census - State Censuses
    - United States Census - Territorial
    - United States School Censuses
  - Census Book [WorldCat.org]
    Genealogist's guide to federal census facts, schedules, and indexes.
  - Census Records and Data | U.S. Census | Ancestry
  - Data Visualization Gallery
    Weekly exploration of Census data.
  - Decennials - Census of Population and Housing - Publications - U.S. Census Bureau
  - DonsList Census Books
  - Family History Archive
    Interface to information on many names listed in the US Census data;
    43,000 surnames (last names) and 420 common or first names.
  - Genealogy: Age Search Service - Data - Related Sites
  - IPUMS NHGIS | National Historical Geographic Information System
    Summary tables & time series of population, housing, agriculture, & economic data,
    along with GIS-compatible boundary files, for years from 1790 through the present
    & for all levels of U.S. census geography, including states, counties, tracts, & blocks.
  - IPUMS USA | Enumerator Instructions
  - IPUMS USA | History of the Census and Its Samples
  - MortalitySchedules.com
    Free search through census mortality schedules.
  - Products - HeritageQuest Online®
  - Resources for Genealogists and Family Historians | National Archives: Census Records
  - Social Explorer
    Gain deep insights into any area of interest - down to a city block,
    with stunning visualizations and built-in data. Reinforce your decisions
    with reliable and accurate location data.
  - This is what the United States looks like if you scale states by population - Vox
    - Every state's population rank from 1910 to 2010, in one dizzying chart - Vox
  - UCB Libraries | GovInfo | Guide to Census Information (archived)
  - U.S. Census - MyHeritage
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DATABASES: Digital Universe | ScienceDirect Topics
The Digital Universe of Opportunities: The Internet of Things
World Economic Forum: How Much Data Is Generated Each Day?: Internet Minute
* A--Global Social Media Archive, 350 Billion Digital Data Records (text)
  Archive to contain records from 200 million unique users from at least 100 countries.
* Digital Databases: Education Publications & Books Online
* Digital Librarian: Electronic Texts, Primary Sources and Digital Libraries (archived)
* Google™ Public Data Explorer
* International Commission for Historical Demography: ICHD links
  Study of the history of population and of human society in general.
  - ICHD Questionnaires Longitudinal Databases
    Large-scale, public databases of life histories from the past.
* International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC): Members | IIPC
  Expertise to collect, preserve and made accessible knowledge from the global web.
  - Digital Preservation Coalition (UK): Our Members
    - Allied Organisations - Digital Preservation Coalition
    - Digital Preservation Handbook
  - Digital Preservation (Library of Congress): Partners - Digital Preservation
      - Personal Digital Archiving | Digital Preservation
  - MetaArchive | A Digital Preservation Network
  - PADI - Preserving Access to Digital Information: Organisations and Websites
    Gateway to international digital preservation resources
    and to ICADS (IFLA-CDNL Alliance for Digital Strategies).
* Internet Archive: (About the Internet Archive) Internet Archive: Wayback Machine
  Worldwide databases, history, preservation: online Internet archives.
  Internet library offering permanent access for researchers, historians
  and scholars to historical collections that exist in digital format.
  - Audio Archive
  - eBooks and Texts
  - Moving Image Archive
  - Projects
    - Open Content Alliance
    - Open Educational Resources
    - Open Library
    - Software Collection
  - TV News Archive
* Memory of the World: Memory of the World Register
* Online Database: Data Links (archived)
  - DCMI
    Dublin Core Metadata Initiative.
  - Dialog® Solutions: Databases and Prosheets
    - Database List (archived)
    - Products - ProQuest Dialog®
      - An A-Z List of All Databases Available on Proquest Dialog™
    - ProQuest Libguides - LibGuides at ProQuest: Genealogy Training Materials
  - Disciplinary Repository: Disciplinary Repositories - Open Access Directory
  - Institutional Repository: List of Repositories
    - List of Archives
    - List of Libraries
    - Ranking Web of Repositories: Top Portals
  - List of Academic Databases & Search Engines
  - List of Online Databases
  - Universitetet i Tromsø: The Norwegian Historical Data Centre (NHDC)
    - Historical Microdata around the World (1st version) (archived)
  - Vienna Database on European Family History
* Portico - a community-supported ditigal archive
  Digital preservation and electronic archiving service.
  - Coverage - Portico
* Registry of Research Data Repositories: re3data.org
  - Data Repositories - Open Access Directory
  - Datenbank: Jüdische Grabsteinepigraphik
    The Database of Jewish epigraphy.
  - FAIRsharing
    Curated, informative and educational resource on data
    and metadata standards, inter-related to databases and data policies.
    - Collections
    - Databases
  - Kinsources: Datasets
    Collaborative web platform for kinship data sharing dedicated to the archiving,
    analysing and comparing kinship data for scientific use.
* (Web Mega Sites) All Guides - LibGuides at University of California San Diego
  Subjects A-Z - Provided by the Library at UC San Diego.
  - A-Z Databases
    Find the best library databases for your research.

GENERAL GENEALOGICAL:
* Ancestry®
  Collection of searchable genealogy databases.
  - Cyndi's List - Ancestry.com: The Basics
  - Search Historical Records, Etc.
* Archives and Knowledge Management
  Scholarly online resource evidence and records.
* AWS Public Dataset Program
* Browsers - Directories - Portals:
  Genealogy and family history link sites.
* Cyndi's List - Databases: Searchable Online
* Dashboard | findmypast.com
  Discover your roots in the best British and Irish record collection available online.
  - Free Ancestry Records - Trace your Family Tree Online | findmypast.com
* David's World
  Excellent resources finding page with a Star Trek theme.
* Digital Learning & Online Textbooks – Cengage
  - Cengage Sites – Cengage [Search by genealogy and "family history".]
    - Online Courses and Certification Prep Classes | ed2go
    - Scholarly Resources for Learning and Research | Gale
      - Gale Databases Catalog
      - Gale Primary Sources Catalog
      - Thorndike Press Large Print Books - Gale
* Education Publications & Online Books
* Family Group Records Collection, Archives Section, 1942-1969 — FamilySearch.org
  Collection consists of family group record forms submitted by LDS Church members to
  the Genealogical Society of Utah, now the Family History Department, for processing
  prior to performing proxy ordinances.  Completed ordinance dates were recorded on
  forms. Completed forms were filed in the Family Group Records Archive collection.
  Forms are filed in alphabetical order by husband's surname, given name, and date
  of birth. Browse a list of records by surnames currently published in this collection.
* Family Group Sheet Project
* FamilySearch.org: Site Map - News and Information
  Free family history and genealogy records.
* Gateways to the World and Global Resources
  International collections from the Library of Congress.
* Genealogy Searching Center
  Free online genealogy databases.
* Geneanet: Main Search: Family Trees, Archive & Indexes, Genealogy Library
  Genealogical database network, indexing
  genealogical resources all over the world.
* General Genealogical Resources [includes Gedcom]
* General: Genealogy, Census, Vital Records
  Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :)
  family history, family tree, surname, vital records, biography,
  or otherwise genealogically-related site on the Internet.
* Gengateway.com: Genealogy Gateways To The Internet
* List of Genealogy Databases
* MyHeritage: SuperSearch™ Historical Records
  11,095,874,587 historical records and counting.
  - MyHeritage Education
    Features and tools that will help you make the most of your research.
* Olive Tree Genealogy: Site Map
  Free genealogy for your ancestors.
* One-Step Webpages by Stephen P. Morse
  One-step portal for on-line genealogy.
* Online Information Brokers and Your Privacy | Privacy Rights Clearinghouse
  How consumers can opt out of directory assistance and non-public information.
  - Data Brokers | Privacy Rights Clearinghouse
    There are many websites that sell or provide for free,
    personal information about individuals.  This information
    is gathered from many sources including white pages listings
    (directory assistance), publicly-available sources and public records.
* Pedigree & Lineage Networking: Family Trees
* Public Records Directory
  Free public records in other nations, as well as the United States.
* RootsWeb.com
* Specialty: Genealogy & Family History Directories - Links - Portals
* Who Can Find People?
  Find people, places and things.

UNITED STATES:
  - Access to Archival Databases (AAD): NARA - USA
    - Cyndi's List - United States - U.S. National Archives
  - BRB Publications, Inc. - Free Public Records Resources
    Free public records: U.S., state, county and city.
    - Foreigh Sites - Canada
  - Court Records Directory
    Find online court records and contact information
    for trial courts in every state and county.
  - CourthouseDirect.com - Public Records Online
  - Genealogy Trails
    Free transcribed genealogical and historical data for researchers.
  - LexisNexis®: Lexisnexis Law & Legal Software Products
  - Office of the Historian (Department of State): Countries - Office of the Historian
    - Browse Resources by Subject Tag: All Tags
  - Public Records Directory
    Find free national, state, and county records.
  - USA: Genealogy, Census, Vital Records
    Linkpendium's goal is to index every genealogy, geneology, :)
    family history, family tree, surname, vital records, biography,
    or otherwise genealogically-related site on the Internet.
    - General: Genealogy, Census, Vital Records
  - USAGov: Genealogy and Family History | USAGov
    Official guide to government information and services.
    - All Topics and Services
    - genealogy - USA.gov Search Results (All Government)
      Extensive listings of records throughout the United States of America;
      at least 50 pages of references.
      - (Images - at least 6 pages)
      - (Videos - at least 64 items)
  - Vote Smart - The Voter's Self Defense System
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EMIGRATION and HUMAN MIGRATION: Emigration - Human Migration

About Immigration & Migration	Ancient & Modern Explorations	Citizenship & Naturalization
Colonization & History	Regional Movements	Transportation & Patterns

ABOUT IMMIGRATION and MIGRATION: Migration Dialogue - Refworld
* Center for Immigration Studies: Immigration Data Portal
* Cyndi's List - Immigration & Naturalization
* Displaced Persons' (DP) Camps
* Human Trafficking Search
* Immigration & Migration in Latin America - LANIC
* Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre IDMC
  Map displays all displacement events recorded
  by IDMC that have ocurred in the past six months.
* International Centre for Migration Policy Development
* International Migration and Multicultural Policies
  United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
* International Organization for Migration: Countries - Global Migration Trends
* Migrating out of Poverty
* Migration Data Portal
* Migration Institutions (archived)
  - Association of European Migration Institutions: Members – AEMI
    Creating public awareness & understanding of Europe´s migrations: history / heritage.
  - Cser – Centro Studi Emigrazione Roma
  - DOMiD - Documentation Centre and Museum of Migration in Germany
  - Génériques - Faire connaître l'histoire et la mémoire de l'immigration
  - Institute for the Study of International Migration | Georgetown University
  - International Migration Institute (IMI)
  - Mellon Centre for Migration Studies: External Links (predominantly Irish)
  - Roma, Sinti, and Traveller Studies - LibGuides at ACRL
* Migration Policy Institute: Migration Information Source
  - International Migration Statistics
    - Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination
      This incredibly handy map shows the immigrant and emigrant populations
      by country of origin and destination.
    - Total Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country
  - Migration Data Hub: Regions
    - Africa (sub-Saharan)
    - Asia and the Pacific
    - Central America & the Caribbean
    - Europe: European Union
    - Middle East & North Africa
    - North America: Canada - Mexico
      - United States: U.S. Immigration Policy Program
        - Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS)
        - History of United States Immigration Laws
        - Immigration Data Matters
          Useful online guide links users directly to the most credible, high-quality data
          on immigrants and immigration in the United States and internationally.
          The easy-to-use publication includes more than 220 data resources compiled
          by governmental and authoritative nongovernmental sources. The guide covers
          a wide range of topics, among them foreign-born population stocks and flows,
          humanitarian and labor migration, naturalization, education and language
          attainment, labor force participation, income and poverty rates, remittance size
          and flow, immigration enforcement actions, public opinion, religious affiliation,
          and development indicators
      - Stymied by the Immigrant: Part One
      - Stymied by the Immigrant: Part Two
    - South America
* Population, Migration and Refugee Studies - Research Guides at Columbia University
  - European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE)
  - Refugee Studies Centre
    University of Oxford multidisciplinary research on forced migration.
  - Refugees International - International Centre for Migration Policy Development
  - UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency
* ReliefWeb - Informing Humanitarians Worldwide
* Tracing Immigrant Origins

ANCIENT and MODERN EXPLORATIONS
* Age of Discovery
  The Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration (approximately from the beginning
  of the 15th century until the end of the 18th century), is an informal and loosely defined
  term for the period in European history in which extensive overseas exploration
  emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and which was the beginning
  of globalization. It also marks the rise of the period of widespread adoption in Europe
  of colonialism and mercantilism as national policies.
  - Discoverers Web (archived)
    Links and information on voyages of discovery.
  - Society for the History of Discovery: Discover History: Terrae Incognitae (current)
    Geographical discovery and voyages of exploration.
* European Exploration | Britannica.com
* European Voyages of Exploration (pdf): Images
  - Chronology of European Exploration of Asia
  - European Exploration of Africa
  - Timeline of European Exploration
    Covers European exploration from 1418 to 1957.
* List of Explorations
  - Famous Explorers - List of Most Important Explorers
  - List of Explorers
* Mariners' Museum and Park - America's National Maritime Museum
  - Ages of Exploration


Christopher Columbus - Conservapedia and Christopher Columbus: Descendants
"Columbus when he was invited to a banquet where he was assigned the most
honorable place at the table, and served with the ceremonials which were
observed towards sovereigns.  A shallow courtier present, who was meanly
jealous of him, abruptly asked him whether he though that in case he had
not discovered the Indies, there were not other men in Spain who would have
been capable of the enterprise?  Columbus made no reply, but took an egg
and invited the company to make it stand on end.  They all attempted it, but
in vain; whereupon he struck it upon the table so as to break one end, and
left it standing on the broken part, illustrating that when he had once shown
the way to the new world nothing was easier than to follow it."  [J. Smith, Jr.]
After Christopher Columbus returned to Spain from his 1492–1493 expedition
to San Salvador, Cuba, and Hispaniola, other European explorers began their
voyages to North America.  In 1497 John Cabot explored the coasts of Labrador,
Newfoundland, and New England. Juan Ponce de León explored Florida and
part of the Yucatán Peninsula in the early 1500s. In 1519 Hernán Cortés invaded
Mexico and subsequently spent several years conquering the Aztecs.

CITIZENSHIP and NATURALIZATION: Birthright Citizenship Around the World
* Citizenship: [Citizenship Laws of the World (pdf) - CitizenshipLaw.info - Jus soli]
* Nationality Law and Naturalization
* North America:
  - USA & Canadian Naturalization & Citizenship Records
    - immigrationDirect™
    - Naturalization Records | National Archives
  - United States Nationality Law
    - Immigration Direct®: Sitemap
    - United States Naturalization Online Genealogy Records
    - USCIS - United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
      Official website of the Department of Homeland Security.
      - Genealogy | USCIS
      - Immigration & Naturalization Service: Agency History | USCIS
      - Path to U.S. Citizenship | USCIS

COLONIZATION and HISTORY: Colonialism | Portal:Colonialism and Exploration
Extension of a nation's sovereignty over territory and people outside its own boundaries,
often to facilitate economic domination over their resources, labor, and markets.
* Colonial Voyage: Colonial History & Travel in World Countries
* History of Colonialism: Index of Possessions & Colonies
  - European Colonization of the Americas: First Wave and later Decolonization
    - British Colonization - Couronian Colonization - Danish Colonization
      Dutch Colonization - French Colonization - German Colonization
      Italy Colonization: Hospitaller Colonization - Portuguese Colonization
      Russian Colonization - Scottish Colonization - Spanish Colonization
      Swedish Colonies in the Americas - Welsh Settlement in the Americas
    - Timeline of the European Colonization of North America
      - Colonial History of the United States
      - Former Colonies and Territories in Canada
      - Norse Colonization of North America (Vikings)

REGIONAL MOVEMENTS: Diaspora - Emigration & Emigrants | The National Archives
* General: List of Diasporas
  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  - Leiden University: History of International Migration: Links
    Helps researchers and students study European migration movements,
    with a framework, documents and information about sources on migration.
  - Moving Here - 200 years of Migration to England (archived)
    - Browse By Topic (archived): Catalogue and Website Search (archived)
      A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    - Links to Related Useful Websites (archived)
    - Migration Histories (archived): Introduction to Migration Histories (archived)
      - Caribbean (archived)
      - Irish (archived)
      - Jewish (archived): Records in Other Countries (archived)
      - South Asian (archived): Records in Other Countries (archived)
    - Moving Here | Partners (archived)
* News, Media and Travel
* North American: Emigration to North America
  - American Journeys
    Eyewitness Accounts of Early American Exploration and Settlement.
  - American Settlements and Migrations
    Primer for genealogists and family historians.
  - Immigration and Ethnic History Society
    Study of the history of immigration to the United States
    and Canada from all parts of the world.
  - Nature and Origins of Emigration to America (archived)
    Emigrant ancestry in the 16th and 17th centuries.
* North American: Canada
  - Canadians and Their Pasts
  - Pier 21 | Canadian Museum of Immigration
* North American: United States:
  - Facts About American Immigration | HW Wilson (Book): Table of Contents (pdf)
    The largest portion of the book (Parts II–VI) is divided by region: Europe, Africa, Asia,
    the Americas, and Oceania.  Each part begins with a brief introduction to the region,
    followed by a series of articles focusing on specific countries or groups of countries
    within that region.  Articles include tables and graphs that summarize and portray
    statistical information relating to that group's immigration, as well as specific Internet
    and print resources.  Each regional section concludes with tables and graphs
    summarizing the pattern of immigration from the region, plus regional Internet
    and print resources.
  - Immigration to the United States: 1789-1930 | Harvard Library

TRANSPORTATION and MIGRATION PATTERNS: Transport: Portal:Transport
GENEALOGY and FAMILY HISTORY DATA: Topic Outline of Transport
* General Information and Data Resources: Portal:Nautical
  Transport Research International Documentation - TRID: Thesaurus (TRT)
  - CIMO - Cimorelli Immigration Manifests Online
  - Cyndi's List - Ships & Passenger Lists
  - Deutsche Auswanderer-Datenbank (DAD)
    Historisches Museum Bremerhaven: German emigrants database.
  - Genealogy - Locating the Previous Overseas Residence
  - Guide to Immigration Records and Ship's Passenger Lists (archived)
  - Historical Ephemera Collections 1880s - 1950s
    Gjenvick-Gjønvik Archives.
  - Immigrant Ship Information (archived)
  - Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild
  - Immigrants Ancestors Project
    Uses emigration registers to locate information about the birthplaces
    of immigrants in their native countries, which is not found in the port
    registers and naturalization documents in the destination countries.
  - Immigration & Travel
  - Miramar Ship Index: Other Useful Sites
    Comprehensive index to ships and their histories, covering iron & steel sailing ships,
    powered merchant ships (over 100grt) and warships, since the early 19th century.
  - Online Ship Passenger Lists and Records
  - Passenger Lists on the Internet (archived)
  - ShipIndex: a vessel research database
  - Tracing Immigrant Origins Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki
  - Transatlantic Migrations
    Movement of people across the Atlantic Ocean in order
    to settle on the continents of North America and South America.
    - DISC: Slave Movement During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
    - Images of African Slavery and the Slave Trade
    - Slave Voyages
      Provides information about vessels, routes, and the people
      associated with them, both enslaved and enslavers.
    - Slavery Images
      Visual record of the African slave trade
      and slave life in the early African Diaspora.
* Maritime History: Maritime History Virtual Archives
  - Glossary of Naval & Maritime Terms & Phrases
    Time period of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
  - Mother of All Maritime Links
    - History A to M
    - History N to Z
  - USA: National Maritime Historical Society
    - Museums, Programs, & Historic Sites
    - Naval History and Heritage Command
    - Sea History Index
* Oceans and Seas
  - Port: Lists of Ports
    - Cyndi's List - Ports of Departure
    - Cyndi's List - Ports of Entry
    - List of Ports & Harbours of the Atlantic Ocean
    - List of Ports and Harbours of the Indian Ocean
    - List of Ports & Harbors of the Pacific Ocean
    - Port to Port Distances
      Sea ports distance calculation; sea routes between ports.
    - Sea Distance Calculator | Ship Traffic
  - Ship Information: Maritime Transport
    - Cyndi's List - Ships & Passenger Lists
    - List of Ship Companies: List of Passenger Ship Companies
      - Passenger Travel
    - Lloyd's Register: Record Details
      - Lloyd's Register Of Ships Online | Archive & Library | Heritage & Education Centre
        - Catalog Record: Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping
        - Catalog Record: Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping
        - Lloyd's Register of Shipping
    - Manifest Markings
      Guide to interpreting immigration
      passenger lists markings, or annotations.
    - Palmer List of Merchant Vessels
    - Ships and Ship Registers: Sources of Information
      - Databases and Internet Resources
        - Crew Lists and Logbooks: Crew List Index Project
        - ShipIndex: a vessel research database
        - ShipsList
* Rivers and Waterways:
  - List of Rivers of Africa
  - List of Rivers of Asia
  - List of Rivers of Europe
  - List of Rivers of Oceania
  - List of Rivers of the Americas
    - American Rivers and Waterways
  - List of Waterways
    - Canal: Research Links (History of Canals)
      - Boating Overseas
      - George's: Canal Boating in the U.K. and Europe / North America
    - Cyndi's List - Canals, Rivers & Waterways
* United States: Immigration to the United States
  - American Migration Patterns
    - Cyndi's List - Migration Routes, Roads & Trails
    - Early American Roads & Trails
    - Historic American Roads Migration Routes
    - History of the West Coast of North America
    - Portal:U.S. Roads
    - US Migration Trails and Roads
  - Castle Garden: New York Passenger Lists, (1820-1891)
    Access to database on millions of immigrants,
    from 1820 through 1892, the year Ellis Island opened.
  - Cyndi's List - Ports of Entry
  - History of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States
    - Tracking Hispanic Family History
  - Human Migration: What are the types of migration?
  - Immigrant Arrivals: A Guide To Published Sources
    Bibliographies and Guides - Library of Congress
    Local History and Genealogy Reading Room.
  - Immigrant Research Articles
  - Immigrant Servants Database
    Records of colonists: indentured servants, convict servants,
    and redemptioners, who settled south of New England, as
    found in American and European sources, from 1607 through 1820.
  - Immigration History Research Center
    College of Liberal Arts | University of Minnesota.
    - Research & Public Programming
  - Mystic Seaport Museum - Collections & Research: Indexes
    Online resources from the museum of America and the sea.
  - Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island
    - Ellis Island
      - Cyndi's List - Ellis Island
      - Ellis Island and New York Immigration
      - Ellis Island Immigration Facts
      - Expanded Ellis Island Immigrant Records 1820-1957 Online
        - New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925-1957
        - New York Passenger Arrival Lists (Ellis Island), 1892-1924
      - Searching the Ellis Island Database in One Step
  - United States Immigration Online Genealogy Records
  - US Immigration Passenger Arrival Records
  - US Ports of Arrival & their Available Immigration Records - Passenger Lists
    Includes Canadian and Mexican Border Crossing Records.
  - Virtual Jamestown
    State of Virginia, USA.
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INHERITANCE: Court & Legal - Estate (law) - Probate - Will and Testament
* GLOSSARY: Glossary Of Terms | Probate, Inheritance Tax, Executor, Obituary
  HM Revenue & Customs: Inheritance Tax: Glossary of Terms
  Strange Inheritance: Strange Inheritance® | Fox Business
* USA: Real Property, Trust and Estate Law Section (RPTE) - American Bar Association
  - AM Best's Consumer Insurance Information Center
    Glossary of insurance terms.
  - Estate Planning Bundles Online | LegalZoom
  - EstatePlanningLinks.com
  - Last Will And Testament Template - Free Last Will PDF | FormSwift
  - Links — Do Your Own Will - Free On-line Will
  - USACPR | USACPR: U.S. Living Will Registry®
    U. S. Advance Care Plan Registry(SM).
    - Advance Directive Forms
  - Wills, Estates, and Probate - probate_selfhelp (California)
  - Wills Trusts & Estates - Menu
  - Wills, Trusts & Probate | Nolo
* WORLDWIDE: Legal History of Wills
  - Administration (Probate law): Probate
  - Blake & Blake Genealogists
    Finding missing heirs and international probate research.
  - Cyndi's List - Wills & Probate
  - Inheritance | Definition, History, Issues, & Facts | Britannica.com
    - Wills and Testaments - Genealogy.com: Beyond the Index
  - International Bibliography
    Ancient, medieval and early modern wills and probate inventories.
  - Principal Probate Registry: Category:England Probate Records
    Wills and Probate Records | United Kingdom - British Isles.
    - Courts Guidance for Practitioners and Citizens
      - Applying for Probate
      - Find a soldier's will
    - England Probate Records
    - Probate Documents for Family History - Society of Genealogists
    - Probate Series | British Record Society
    - Recent Indexes to English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish Probate Records
    - Search Probate Records for Documents and Wills (England and Wales)
    - Tom's Wills - the index to UK wills 1931-1939
    - Wills & Probate Resources: Medieval To Modern Records
    - Wills 1384-1858 - The National Archives
    - Wills or administrations after 1858 - The National Archives
    - Wills or administrations before 1858 - The National Archives
    - Wills and probate before 1858: further research - The National Archives
    - Wills | The National Library of Wales
      Proved in Welsh Ecclesiastical Courts before 1858.
  - Wills, Probates, Land, Tax & Criminal - Ancestry.com
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LAND and PROPERTY  FARM ORIGINS - H-Rural | H-Net - RECORDS:
AGRICULTURE: History of Farming & Cities - Topic Outline of Agriculture
The basic ancestry and historical setting of mankind since Adam and Eve,
in all nations and history of the organization of work, have been involved
in farming. "More of the world's aggregate manpower is devoted
to agriculture than to all other occupations combined."
Reference: Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Online Article.
* Agriculture Resources on the Internet (pdf)
* Agropolis - Museum: Food & Agricultures of the World
* ALHFAM - Association for Living History, Farm and Agricultural Museums - Index
  - Publications | International Association of Agricultural Museums
* Cyndi's List - Land Records, Deeds, Homesteads, Etc.
* Museum of English Rural Life: The Archives and Penrhos Trust:
  - The Green and Pleasant Land Images
* Old Farmer's Almanac: Old Farmer's Almanac - The Old Farmer's Almanac for Kids
  - Farmers' Almanac
* PlantFacts: OSU Internet Search Engine
  Most concentrated search engine dealing strictly with plants. Over 39,000 pages
  of information from every land-grant university in the U.S. and several government
  institutions across Canada. Added eXtension; glossary, images, mobile and Others.
  - Category:History of Horticulture
* Portal:Agriculture and Agronomy
  - Agriculture Directories and Search Engines Directory - Agriculture Links
    - List of Agriculture Search Engines
  - Agriculture Network Information Collaborative
    Knowledge Discovery System for Agriculture.
  - Agricultural Science (Agronomy)
  - eXtension Foundation
    Making an Impact Across the Cooperative Extension System.
  - Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS)
  - International Association of Agricultural Information Specialists (IAALD)
* RSS - Rural Sociological Society
  - International Development and Studies (IDEaS)
  - Rural Sociology - Rajendra Kumar Sharma - Google™ Books
* USDA: United States Department of Agriculture: Topics | USDA
  - Agriculture's Lasting Heritage
  - American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture: Ag Links List
  - Core Historical Literature of Agriculture | Cornell University Library Digital Collections
    United States history cannot fully be understood
    without studying its rural life and agricultural heritage.
  - Farmhouses in the Heartland
  - George Washington's Mount Vernon
    - The Washington Library Center for Digital History
  - National Agricultural Library
    One of the world's largest collections devoted to agriculture and its related sciences.
    - Agricultural History
    - Biographies
    - Visual Arts and Agricultural History
  - National Agriculture in the Classroom: Welcome to AgLab
    - Growing A Nation: Historical Timeline
  - National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
    - History of the National Grange, the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
    - National Grange of The Order of Patrons of Husbandry: Our Roots
  - National Society Descendants of American Farmers: Our Ancestors | NSDOAF
  - USDA History Collection Guide, Special Collections of NAL | Special Collections

PROPERTY: List of Terms for Administrative Divisions - Real Estate
Real property is a legal term encompassing real estate and ownership interests in real
estate (immovable property). It is a type of property differentiated from personal property.
* Deed and Homestead Principle
  - Family Deeds - British Isles
  - History in Deed | Harvard Law School
    Medieval Society & The Law in England, 1100-1600.
* Land Record Reference
* Manorialism: Manor Courts - Manorial Records
  - Introducing Manorial Records:
    Unlocking the Mysteries of the Manor for Family Historians.
  - Manorial Documents Register
  - Manorial Lordships and Feudal Titles (archived)
    - Lord of the Manor: Manor House
  - Toward a Theory of Medieval Manorial Adjudication
    The Nature of Communal Judgments in a System of Customary Law.
* Maps in Genealogy: Geography & Maps
  - General Maps  |  Digital Collections  |  Library of Congress
    Worldwide large-scale maps such as individual land surveys,
    county land ownership maps and atlases, large-scale topographic
    maps and thematic maps showing economic activity.  These maps
    show the cultural modification of a physical landscape as settlers
    established their farmsteads and villages, constructed the connecting
    transportation systems and named their surroundings.
    - Articles and Essays
    - Collection Items: Subjects in General Maps
      A B C D E F G H  I  J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #
    - Online Collections Listed by Theme
* Real Estate: Real Estate Education Throughout the World: Past, Present, and Future
  - Building Construction Handbook (pdf)
  - Complete Real Estate Encyclopedia (pdf)
    From AAA Tenant to Zoning Variance and Everything in Between.
  - Concise Encyclopedia of Real Estate Business Terms
  - Depreciation Handbook | LexisNexis Store
  - Dictionary of Real Estate Terms
  - Encyclopedia of Real Estate Terms
  - Facility Manager's Handbook: Joseph-F-Gustin
  - Glossary of Property Terms
  - Handbook of Commercial Real Estate Investing (pdf)
  - Mortgage Encyclopedia
    Authoritative Guide to Mortgage Programs, Practices, Prices and Pitfalls.
  - Property Law Dictionary
  - Real Estate Investment Handbook
  - Trump: The Art of the Deal
* USA:
  - Bureau of Land Management: GLO Records: Reference
    - Related Websites
    - Search - BLM GLO Records
  - Homestead Act: Homestead History
    - Homesteading (archived) and current Rural Living.
  - Landownership Maps and Atlases
    Collections include both maps and atlases that were produced
    primarily for the purpose of showing landownership.
    - Land Ownership Maps in the Library of Congress
  - Land Records Research Directory
  - Legal Land Descriptions in the USA
  - Using Townships In Your Research
  - Virtual Museum of Surveying
* Wills, Probates, Land, Tax & Criminal
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LOOKUPS and VOLUNTEERS: Volunteering
* 50 Free Genealogy Sites to Search Today
* About Google™ Books (Advanced Search)
* Book Lookups - General - Genealogy.com
* Books We Own
  Look-Up Resource for International Genealogical Research.
* Can't Find My Past
* Chat Reference Libraries Global (archived)
* Cyndi's List - Lookups & Free Searches by Volunteers
* Cyndi's List - Volunteer Projects
* Facebook® Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki
  Find the assistance you need from real people in real time in Facebook groups.
  - Genealogy on Facebook® List – Katherine R. Willson
  - Join a Facebook® Genealogy Research Community
* Family History Search with Historical Records - SuperSearch - MyHeritage
  - Genealogy Message Boards - MyHeritage
* Free Family Lookup - Govtsearches.com
* Free Genealogy Lookup (Ancestral Findings.com)
* Free Genealogy Lookups (Genealogy Today)
* Free Obituary Look Ups
* Gen Gathering
  Global gathering of researchers and genealogists that "give and take".
* Genealogy Discussions - Geni
* Genealogy Resources on the Internet
* Genealogy WFT**CD List
* GenForum Message Boards - Genealogy.com
* GenLookups.com
* LookupUK.com - Lookup United Kingdom
* Message Boards (Ancestry.com)
  - Lookups
* Passion For The Past Genealogical Volunteers
* Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness Wiki
  - Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness - RAOGK USA
  - RAOGK - Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness
* Record Lookups - General - Genealogy.com
* Research and Learning
* Rhonda's Links to Look Up Volunteer's
* Search results for "lookup" Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki
* Social Work: Using Social Media for Genealogy Research
* Surname Newsgroups: Blogs, Genealogy Newsletters and Periodicals
* The Family History Guide: Research: Introduction - Vault
  - Family History for Youth - Places and Cultures
    Get to know more about families around the world.
* Who Can Find People?
  - Community Forums & Chat Directories
  - Internet
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SOCIAL SECURITY RECORDS: Social Security
INTERNATIONAL ORIGINS and PROGRAMS: Occupations
* Guild
  Association of Master craftsman (Artisan) in a particular trade.
  The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers.
  - Apprenticeship - Journeyman - Master Craftsman - Tradesman
* Portal:Organized Labour / Categories - Template:Organized Labor (Trade Union)
  - International Association of Labour History Institutions: Social History Portal
    - WWW Virtual Library Labour History
  - International Labour Organization: Topics
    - A-Z list (ILO Library)
    - ILO | Social Protection Platform: Regions & Countries
    - Regions and Countries
    - Research: Unemployment Insurance Schemes Around the World
      Evidence and policy options.
    - Social Protection Department (SOCPRO)
      - Information Resources (SOCPRO)
    - Social Security Policy and Development
* Social Security Programs Throughout the World
  Highlights the principal features of social security programs in more than
  170 countries: old-age, survivors, and disability; sickness and maternity;
  work injury; unemployment and family allowances.
  - International Social Security Association (ISSA): Social Security Country Profiles
    Comprehensive information, news, data and analysis
    on social security developments worldwide.
  - Pension: Pensions Overview (The World Bank)
  - Social Security History
    - Detailed Chronology of Social Insurance & Social Security
  - Social Security in other Countries
  - Timeline of Railway History: Railroad History
    - Cyndi's List - Railroads - Records: Administrative, Employment and Pensions
    - How to Find Your Railway Ancestors
    - Locating Railroad Employee Records for Genealogy
      American Railways (1826-1900's)
    - Locations of Railroad Genealogical Materials (pdf)
    - OpenRailwayMap: World Map - Major Rail Network
      - Railway Maps of the World (Map, 2011) [WorldCat.org]
      - Results for 'su:Railroads History Maps.' [WorldCat.org]
    - Rail UK Railway Staff
    - Railroad Retirement Board Records | National Archives
    - Railroad Retirement Handbook | RRB.Gov
    - Researching Old Railroad Records to Find Family Members
    - Riding the Rails Up Paper Mountain | National Archives
    - RRB.Gov - U.S. Railroad Retirement Board
    - U. S. Railroad Retirement Pension Index, 1934-1987
  - USA: Social Security - United States
    - CPSR - Frequently Asked Questions on SSNs and Privacy
      - Social Security Number
      - Structure of Social Security Numbers
    - Searching the Social Security Death Index in One Step
    - Social Security | Cato Institute
    - U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014
    - U.S. Social Security Records for Genealogists
      - United States Social Security Death Index — FamilySearch.org
    - United States Social Security Administration
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VITAL RECORDS: Multinational and Worldwide:
World provides Civil Registration and Vital Statistics from UN Statistics Wiki
Search the available Knowledgebase link query section bar, by Country name.
This includes current updates, and any missing information data in the page tree.
GENERAL: Vital statistics (government records)
* Birth Certificate (Birth)
* Civil Registration (Registro Civil)
* Death Certificate (Death)
* History and Social Studies
  Timelines, date conversions and period resources.
* Vital Records Around the World
  Vital records—birth certificates, marriage certificates, death certificates
  and divorce decrees—are some of the best resources to help build a family tree.
  Access guides, links and databases of vital records in countries around the world.
* Marriage Statutes and Dissolution of Marriage:
  - Common-law Marriage
  - Divorce Law by Country (Divorce)
  - Marriage License (Marriage)
  - Marriageable Age
    Marriage age at which a person is allowed to marry,
    either as of right or subject to parental or other forms of consent.
  - Wedding

SPECIFIC: Documentation and Identity Records
* Bible Records:
  - Bible Records Online: Family Bible Records
  - Cyndi's List - Family Bibles
  - Family Bible Records — FamilySearch Community
  - Family Bible Website
  - Index to Online and Offline Bible Records
  - United States Bible Records
* Birth - Marriage - Death - Other - Vital Records: Genealogy Roots Blog
  - Birth, Baptism & Christening
  - Birth, Marriage & Death - MyHeritage
  - Cyndi's List - Births & Baptisms
  - FamilySearch.org
    Free family history and genealogy records.
    - Search Historical Records
      Search with a life event: Birth - Marriage - Residence - Death - Any.
  - Free International Birth Records Information
    Cohen's online birth indexes, transcriptions and records.
  - Google™ Book Search
    Vital statistics subject: "Registers of births, etc".
  - IGI: International Genealogical Index
  - International Vital Records
    Foreign vital records, adoption resources,
    genealogy help and investigators.
  - Vital Records: Birth, Marriage, Death (BMD) | Ancestry
  - VitalChek®: Official Vital Records Blog brought to you by VitalChek
    An official service provider for hundreds of government agencies
    throughout the United States and US Territories; order online.
* Death Records:
  - Cyndi's List - Death Records
  - Death Record Sources: Cemeteries, Funeral Homes and Obituaries
* Marriage Records:
  - Cyndi's List - Marriages & Divorce
  - GenWed.com
    Genealogy marriage records online (Canada - UK - USA).
  - Google™  Book Search
    Vital records subject: "Marriage customs and rites" .
  - Marriage & Divorce
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VITAL RECORDS IN COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE:
List of Sovereign States & Dependent Territories by Continent
* Archives and Knowledge Management
  Scholarly online resource evidence and records.
  - Compiled Guide | Columbia University Libraries (archived)
  - Research Guides by Subject | Columbia University Libraries
* Birth Registration Rights
  - UNICEF: Publications - Children's Rights
    - Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse:
      What is Birth Registration and Why Does it Matter?
      Apart from being the first legal acknowledgment of a child's existence,
      registration of births is fundamental to the realization of a number of rights
      and a number of practical needs including:
      - Effectively countering forced marriage of young girls
        before they are legally eligible, without proof of age.
      - Enforcing laws relating to minimum age for employment,
        assisting efforts to prevent child labor.
      - Ensuring that children enroll in school at the right age.
      - Getting a passport, opening a bank account,
        obtaining credit, voting or finding employment.
      - Protecting children from harassment by police
        and other law enforcement officers.
      - Protecting children who are trafficked,
        [or placed into prostitution], including
        [their full restoration] through repatriation
        and family reunion.
      - Protecting young people from underage
        military service or conscription.
      - Providing access to health care.
      - Providing access to immunization.
      - Securing the child's right to a nationality,
        at the time of birth or at a later stage.
    - The ‘Rights’ Start to Life: [Download a PDF Copy]
      Statistical analysis of birth registration worldwide.  Identity by registration
      allows children access to health care, education and social assistance.
      Among other key protections, it provides a safeguard against illegal adoption,
      early marriage, forced recruitment and trafficking, and can help reunify those
      who have been separated from their families.
* Category:Vital Records Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki
* Children's Rights
  Basic human rights of children, with particular attention to the rights
  of special protection and care afforded to the young.
* Cultures of Present-Day Nations & States: Religion & Culture
  Information on culture by country is available for every country,
  including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited
  dependent territory, as well as areas of special sovereignty.
* Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty
* Early History of the Law of Guardianship of Children
  From Rome to the Tenures Abolition Act 1660.
* Fetal Rights
   Legal rights accorded to fetuses or to ethical rights of fetuses.
* Independent States in the World: Fact Sheets
* International Vital Records Handbook. 7th Edition - Genealogical.com
  Requirements and fees needed to obtain copies of vital records vary from state to state
  and from country to country. This 2017 edition offers complete, up-to-date information
  on where and how to request vital records, including copies of some application forms.
* List of National Identity Card Policies by Country
  - Identity Document
    Piece of identification (ID) document verifying aspects of a person's identity.
  - National Identification Number
* Worldwide Comparisons and Experience of Thomas Milton Tinney, Sr.
  There are now 7 Billion Others in the world, and counting . . .
  At the same time, the LDS Church Membership Exceeds 16 Million.
  They promote The Father as Patriarch; by example, former Elder Eldred G. Smith.
  If the Lord's gift of a general authority of the seed of Hyrum Smith's descendants,
  was received and sustained by the LDS; they could promote a children's World Book.
  I'm sure this would be a great task and move along the Church missionary work,
  in a swift and timely manner, with great potential for worldwide positive success.

  Family Lineages - GREEN (E) - THOMPSON and TINNEY - HARDIN
  As a retired Family Representative, who has compiled both parents'
  ancestry and subsequent descent data, from common ancestors, I
  have been particularly astonished by the number of times when an
  untimely and unexpected death of the little ones within a family,
  has become the nexus or center point from which the total family
  unit has been preserved, due to the emotional attachment and loss
  suffered by both the father and mother.  I know, because my mother
  lost her eldest son in death as a teenager, and was moved deeply.

  Caring for the Souls of Children: Child, Children - Children of Christ
  I feel therefore, that we should see the world from the viewpoint of
  Jesus Christ, in my opinion.  He will save all children who die before
  the age of eight.  By His blood & body.  So the question is, of the many
  millions who die on a regular basis, of the many billions since Adam
  and Eve, who are children who will in fact inherit the celestial glory,
  what records are being kept?  At any given time on the Lord's earth,
  besides now 15 million Church members, all children under eight, are
  they not now directly under the jurisdiction of Jesus Christ?  Being so,
  should not an exceedingly valiant worldwide effort be made to find
  them, record their names, and preserve their records for eternity?
  In particular, send missionaries to mourn with parents having loss;
  teach them the gospel of Jesus Christ.  And, if not able to presently
  convert them, at least teach the fathers and mothers to preserve memories,
  thus providing the families a father's blessing, a Book of Remembrance.
  After all is said and done, the Bible and Book of Mormon, the Pearl of
  Great Price, many sections of the Doctrine and Covenants, are sourced
  anciently from original family records, the Book of Remembrance of Adam & Eve.
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NORTH AMERICA: North America / Map
* COMPREHENSIVE: Topic Outline of North America
  - North America | Encyclopedia.com
* COUNTRIES:
  - Canada: Preface - Canada - Canada / Country / Documents / Map
    Canada | Encyclopedia.com: Universities - Education
    - Canada Vital Records
    - Canada.pdf
    - Canadian Families Project: viHistory (archived) - Links (archived)
    - Culture of [Canada: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Canada
      - A Scattering of Seeds - The Creation of Canada
      - Canada.ca: History and Heritage
      - Canadian Library Association | National Voice for Canada's Library Communities
        - Canadian Association of Research Libraries: Institutional Repositories - Partners
      - Canadian Studies: Canadian Studies
        - ICCS International Council for Canadian Studies: Useful Links
          - Member Associations and Associate Members
      - Digitization - Library at University of Calgary: Digital Collections
      - Library and Archives Canada (LAC)
        - Ancestors Search
        - Censuses
        - Genealogy and Family History
        - Links and Related Research
        - National Union Catalogue - Voilà - Library and Archives Canada
        - Reference Services: Internet Resources
        - Research Resources
    - First Nations Research Resources | Simon Fraser University Library
    - Genealogy Guide - Method - Software - Archives - Genealogy from A to Z
    - Institute of Indigenous Research and Studies | University of Ottawa
    - Vital Statistics Council for Canada [Vital Statistics Contacts]: Provinces & Territories
      - Preface - Alberta - Alberta.pdf
      - Preface - British Columbia - British Columbia.pdf
      - Preface - Manitoba - Manitoba.pdf
      - Preface - New Brunswick - New Brunswick.pdf
      - Preface - Newfoundland - Labrador - Newfoundland.pdf
      - Preface - Northwest Territories (Northwest T. Timeline) - Northwest Territories.pdf
      - Preface - Nova Scotia (Historical Vital Statistics) - Nova Scotia.pdf
      - Preface - Nunavut - Nunavut.pdf
      - Preface - Ontario.ca - Ontario.pdf
      - Preface - Prince Edward Island - Prince Edward Island.pdf - Vital Statistics (pdf)
      - Preface - Québec - Quebec.pdf
        - The Data base (Quebec, French Canada) - PRDH-IGD: Links - PRDH-IGD
      - Preface - Saskatchewan - Archives (Genealogy Search) - Saskatchewan.pdf
      - Preface - Yukon (Free eBooks: North West Territories / Yukon History) - Yukon.pdf
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  - United States of America: Preface - (QUIKLinks - Records) - United States of America
    United States / Country / Documents / Map
    United States | Encyclopedia.com: Universities: Education
    - Culture / Culture of [United States: Introduction] - Topic Outline of the United States
      - American History:
      - Clio - Guide to History and Culture - United States
      - Ethnic and Race: The Family History Guide
        - Preface - African Americans
        - Preface - American Jews
        - Preface - Asian Americans
        - Preface - Atlantic Ocean & It's Islands - Americans
        - Preface - Australasia | New Zealand Americans
        - Preface - Canadian Americans
        - Preface - European Americans
        - Preface - Hispanic & Latino Americans
        - Preface - Middle Eastern Americans
        - Preface - Native Americans in the United States
        - Preface - Pacific Islander
        - Preface - West Indian (Caribbean) Americans
        - Preface - White Americans
      - Group Organizations
      - Libraries in the United States (archived)
        - Genealogical Research in Government Documents
    - FamilySearch.org: Site Map - News and Information
    - Genealogy & Population
    - General Resources
    - Social Security Records
    - State:State.pdf - (U.S.)
      State & Local Family History - Universities: Education
      - STATE: Area U.S. Multi-Regional:
        - North East United States
        - North West United States
        - South East United States
        - South West United States
        - Southern United States
        - Western United States
      - State (Local Government} Resources: Find All Government Offices
         USA Maps
         [Regional Genealogy and Universities: Education are Internal Links]
         Topic Outline is State (Wikipedia® comprehensive listing of resources)
        - Preface - Alabama: Alabama State Agency Databases - Alabama.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Alaska: Alaska State Agency Databases - Alaska.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Arizona: Arizona State Agency Databases - Arizona.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Arkansas: Arkansas State Agency Databases - Arkansas.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - California ::: California State Agency Databases - California.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Colorado: Colorado State Agency Databases - Colorado.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Connecticut: Connecticut State Agency Databases - Connecticut.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Delaware: Delaware State Agency Databases - Delaware.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Florida: Florida State Agency Databases - Florida.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Georgia: Georgia State Agency Databases - Georgia.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Hawaii: Hawaii State Agency Databases - Hawaii.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Idaho: Idaho State Agency Databases - Idaho.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Illinois: Illinois State Agency Databases - Illinois.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Indiana: Indiana State Agency Databases - Indiana.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Iowa: Iowa State Agency Databases - Iowa.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Kansas: Kansas State Agency Databases - Kansas.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Kentucky: Kentucky State Agency Databases - Kentucky.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Louisiana: Louisiana State Agency Databases - Louisiana.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Maine: Maine State Agency Databases - Maine.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Maryland: Maryland State Agency Databases - Maryland.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Massachusetts: Mass. State Agency Databases - Massachusetts.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Michigan: Michigan State Agency Databases - Michigan.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Minnesota: Minnesota State Agency Databases - Minnesota.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Mississippi: Mississippi State Agency Databases - Mississippi.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Missouri: Missouri State Agency Databases - Missouri.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Montana: Montana State Agency Databases - Montana.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Nebraska: Nebraska State Agency Databases - Nebraska.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Nevada: Nevada State Agency Databases - Nevada.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - New Hampshire: NH State Agency Databases - New Hampshire.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - New Jersey: New Jersey State Agency Databases - New Jersey.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - New Mexico: New Mexico State Agency Databases - New Mexico.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - New York: New York State Agency Databases - New York.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - North Carolina: NC State Agency Databases - North Carolina.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - North Dakota: North Dakota State Agency Databases - North Dakota.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Ohio: Ohio State Agency Databases - Ohio.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Oklahoma: Oklahoma State Agency Databases - Oklahoma.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Oregon: Oregon State Agency Databases - Oregon.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Agency Databases - Pennsylvania.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Rhode Island: Rhode Island State Agency Databases - Rhode Island.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - South Carolina: SC State Agency Databases - South Carolina.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - South Dakota: South Dakota State Agency Databases - South Dakota.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Tennessee: Tennessee State Agency Databases - Tennessee.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Texas: Texas State Agency Databases - Texas.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Utah: Utah State Agency Database - Utah.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Vermont: Vermont State Agency Databases - Vermont.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Virginia: Virginia State Agency Databases - Virginia.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Washington: Washington State Agency Databases - Washington.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Washington, DC: DC State Agency Databases - Washington, DC.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - West Virginia: West Virginia State Agency Databases - West Virginia.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Wisconsin: Wisconsin State Agency Databases - Wisconsin.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
        - Preface - Wyoming: Wyoming State Agency Databases - Wyoming.pdf
          - Map - Regional Genealogy - Topic Outline - Universities: Education
      - Territories of the United States: Dependent Territory
        - Cyndi's List - United States - U.S. Territories & Possessions
        - Insular Area
    - United States Vital Records
      - A to Z Death Records
        Search free death records and vital records for the USA.
      - CDC - National Center for Health Statistics
        - NVSS - National Vital Statistics System
      - National Death Index - Data Access
        NCHS central computerized index of death record
        information on file in the State vital statistics offices.
      - Online Genealogy Records and Resources
      - Online United States Birth, Marriage & Death Records
      - Records Requests Archive | Reclaim The Records
      - Vital Records for the United States (All States)
        Includes sub sites for all United States counties.
      - Vital Records Information for the United States
        Vital records from each state, territory and county.
      - VitalChek Express
        Birth certificates, death certificates, marriage records,
        divorce records and vital records.
      - VitalSearch-Worldwide.com: (US) State Search Portal
      - Where to Write for Vital Records - Foreign Birth and Death Certificates
    - United States.pdf
    - USA Records
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MIDDLE AMERICA: Middle America
* COMPREHENSIVE: Topic Outline of Middle America (Americas)
  - Ancient Cultures of Middle America: Mesoamerica
  - Middle America | Encyclopedia.com
* COUNTRIES:
  - Caribbean Region
  - Central America
  - Mexico: Preface - Mexico - Mexico / Country: Country / Documents / Map
    Mexico (country, North America) | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of Mexico [Mexico: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Mexico
      - Artes e Historia México
      - Colecciones Mexicanas
      - Life Patterns and Social Differentiation (pdf)
        Americas largest urban entity Mexico City,
        (AD 1770 to 1820 population circa 80,000 to 120,000).
      - Mexican Association of Librarians
      - Mexico - Resource and Curriculum Guides at Primary Source, Inc.
    - LANIC
    - Mexico Civil Registration
    - Mexico Registro Civil - Registros Civiles en Mexico
      Civil registry offices in Mexico.
    - Mexico.pdf
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CARIBBEAN REGION: Preface - Caribbean / Map
* COMPREHENSIVE: Culture of Islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean
  Topic Outline of the Caribbean
  - Acuril - ACURIL Cyberlinks
  - Arts and Culture of the Caribbean Region
  - Association of Caribbean University, Research & Institutional Libraries
  - Caribbean Islands
    - Pan American Health Organization
      - Organization and Status of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics
        In English-speaking Countries of the Caribbean.
  - Caribbean Museums
  - Caribbean Region | Encyclopedia.com
  - Caribbean Roots
  - LANIC
  - Life Events - Useful Addresses
* COUNTRIES: Research: Caribbean, Preface
  - ISLAND COUNTRIES and AREAS:
    - Anguilla: Anguilla - Anguilla / Country / Documents / Map
      Anguilla | Encyclopedia.com: UK American Dep. - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Anguilla, West Indies (archived)] - Topic Outline of Anguilla
    - Antigua & Barbuda: Antigua & Barbuda - A & B / Country / Documents / Map
      Antigua and Barbuda | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Antigua & Barbuda: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Antigua & Barbuda
        - BirthsDeathsMarriages (pdf)
      - LANIC
    - Aruba: Aruba - Aruba / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Aruba | Encyclopedia.com: Netherlands American Dep. - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Aruba: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Aruba
        - BNA - Biblioteca Nacional di Aruba
      - LANIC
    - Bahamas: Bahamas - The Bahamas / Country / Documents / Map
      Bahamas, The | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Bahamas: Introduction] - Topic Outline of The Bahamas
      - LANIC
    - Barbados: Barbados - Barbados / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Barbados | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Barbados: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Barbados
      - LANIC
    - Cayman Islands: Cayman Islands - Cayman Islands / Country: Country / Doc. / Map
      Cayman Islands | Encyclopedia.com: UK American Dep. - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Cayman Islands: Introduction] - Topic Outline of the Cayman Islands
      - Cayman Islands (archived)
      - LANIC
    - Cuba: Cuba - Cuba / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Cuba | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Cuba
      - Cuba.pdf
      - Culture of Cuba [Cuba: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Cuba
        - ASCUBI - Asociación Cubana de Bibliotecarios
        - Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies: Links
      - LANIC
    - Curacao: Curaçao - Curacao / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Curacao | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Gobièrnu di Kòrsou] - Topic Outline of Curaçao
    - Dominica: Dominica - Dominica / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Dominica Research - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Dominica: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Dominica
      - LANIC
    - Dominican Republic: Preface - Dominican Rep. - DR / Country / Documents / Map
      Dominican Republic | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of Dominican Republic [DR: Introduction] - Topic Outline of DR
        - Dominican Studies Institute: Links
      - Dominican Republic
      - Dominican Republic.pdf
      - LANIC
    - Grenada: Grenada - Grenada / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Grenada | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Grenada: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Grenada
      - LANIC
    - Guadeloupe: Guadeloupe - French West Indies / Territory: Territory / Documents / Map
      Guadeloupe | Encyclopedia.com: French American Dep. - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [La Guadeloupe] - Topic Outline of Guadeloupe
      - LANIC
      - Saint Barthelemy: St Barthelemy - French West Indies / Territory: Territory / Docs / Map
        - Culture of [Saint-Barthélemy] - Topic Outline of Saint Barthélemy
          - Mémoire St Barth | Histoire de l'île de Saint-Barthélemy
    - Haiti: Haiti - Haiti / Country / Documents / Map
      Haiti | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of  Haiti [Haiti: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Haiti
      - LANIC
    - Jamaica: Preface - Jamaica - Jamaica / Country / Documents / Map
      Jamaica | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Jamaica: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Jamaica
        - Jamaica Library Service
        - Library and Information Association of Jamaica
        - National Library of Jamaica
      - Jamaica
      - Jamaica Church Records
      - Jamaica Civil Registration
      - LANIC
      - Registrar General's Department
    - Leeward Islands: Leeward Islands - Leeward Islands / Islands Area / Docs / Map
      Leeward Islands | Encyclopedia.com: United Kingdom American Dependencies
      - Culture of the [Leeward Islands] - Topic Outline of the Leeward Islands
    - Martinique: Martinique - French West Indies / Territory: Territory / Documents / Map
      Martinique | Encyclopedia.com: French American Dep. - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [La Martinique] - Topic Outline of Martinique
      - LANIC
    - Montserrat: Montserrat - Montserrat / Territory: Territory / Documents / Map
      Montserrat | Encyclopedia.com: UK American Dependencies - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Montserrat (archived)] - Topic Outline of Montserrat
    - Netherlands Antilles: Netherlands Antilles - N.A. / Dissolution / Documents / Map
      Netherlands Antilles | Encyclopedia.com: Neth. Am. Dep. - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Dissolution - Netherlands Antilles] - Topic Outline - Netherlands Antilles
    - Puerto Rico: Preface - Puerto Rico - Puerto Rico / Territory: Territory / Documents / Map
      Puerto Rico | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Puerto Rico] - Topic Outline of Puerto Rico
        - Bienvenidos a la Enciclopedia de Puerto Rico
        - Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños: Research Guide to the Web
        - Puerto Rican Studies Association: Programs, Research Centers & Publications
        - Sociedad de Bibliotecarios de Puerto Rico - Inicio
      - LANIC
      - Puerto Rico
      - Puerto Rico.pdf
      - Welcome to Puerto Rico! History, Government, Geography, and Culture.
    - Saint Kitts & Nevis: Saint Kitts & Nevis - St. Kitts & Nevis / Country: Country / Doc. / Map
      Saint Kitts and Nevis | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Saint Kitts & Nevis: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Saint Kitts & Nevis
        - Historic Basseterre
      - LANIC
    - Saint Lucia: Saint Lucia - St. Lucia / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Saint Lucia | Encyclopedia.com (St. Lucians) - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Saint Lucia: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Saint Lucia
      - LANIC
    - Saint Martin: Saint Martin - French West Indies / Territory: Territory / Documents  / Map
      Saint Martin | (3rd Item in List) Encyclopedia.com  - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Saint-Martin] - Topic Outline of Saint Martin
      - Sint Maarten: Sint Maarten: Culture - Sint Maarten / Country: Country / Doc. / Map
    - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: SV&tG - St. V &tGrenadines / Country: Country / Doc.
      Saint Vincent and The Grenadines | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [SV & the Grenadines: Introduction] - Topic Outline - SV& the Grenadines
      - LANIC
    - Trinidad & Tobago: Trinidad & Tobago - T & T  / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Trinidad and Tobago | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Trinidad and Tobago: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Trinidad & Tobago
        - Library Association of Trinidad & Tobago
        - National Library and Information System Authority
      - LANIC
      - Trinidad and Tobago
    - Turks & Caicos: Turks & Caicos - Turks & Caicos Islands / Territory: Territory / Doc. / Map
      Turks and Caicos Islands | Encyclopedia.com: UK Am. Dep. - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Turks & Caicos Islands (archived)] - Topic Outline - Turks & Caicos Islands
        - Turks and Caicos Museum
      - LANIC
    - Virgin Islands: Culture
      Virgin Islands | Encyclopedia.com
      - Virgin Islands (British): Virgin Islands (British) - BVI / Territory: Territory / Doc. / Map
        British Virgin Islands | Encyclopedia.com: UK Am. Dep. - Universities: Education
        - Culture of [British Virgin Islands (archived)] - Topic Outline of the BV Islands
      - Virgin Islands (U.S.): Virgin Islands (U.S.) - VI (U.S.) / Territory: Territory / Doc. / Map
        United States Virgin Islands | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
        - Culture of [United States Virgin Islands] - Topic Outline of the US Virgin Islands
          - Virgin Islands Libraries
        - LANIC
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CENTRAL AMERICA:  Preface: Central America / Map
* COMPREHENSIVE: Topic Outline of Central America
  - Arts and Culture of Central America
  - Central America | Encyclopedia.com
  - Cerámica de los Ancestros: Central America’s Past Revealed
* COUNTRIES:
  - Belize (British Honduras): Belize - Belize / Country: Country / Documents / Map
    Belize | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of  Belize [Belize: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Belize
      - Belize - LibGuides
      - Belize National Library Service and Information Service
    - LANIC
  - Costa Rica: Preface - Costa Rica - Costa Rica / Country / Documents / Map
    Costa Rica | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Costa Rica.pdf
    - Culture of [Costa Rica: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Costa Rica
    - LANIC
  - El Salvador: Preface - El Salvador - El Salvador / Country / Documents / Map
    El Salvador | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of El Salvador [El Salvador: Introduction] - Topic Outline of El Salvador
    - El Salvador Civil Registrations
    - El Salvador.pdf
    - LANIC
  - Guatemala: Preface - Guatemala - Guatemala / Country / Documents / Map
    Guatemala | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of [Guatemala: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Guatemala
      - Librarianship Association of Guatemala
    - Guatemala.pdf
    - LANIC
  - Honduras: Honduras - Honduras / Country / Documents / Map
    Honduras | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of Honduras [Honduras: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Honduras
    - Honduras.pdf
    - LANIC
  - Nicaragua: Nicaragua - Nicaragua / Country / Documents / Map
    Nicaragua | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of Nicaragua [Nicaragua: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Nicaragua
      - Libraries in Nicaragua - Google™ Image Search
    - LANIC
    - Nicaragua.pdf
  - Panama: Preface - Panama - Panama / Country: Country / Documents / Map
    Panama | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of Panama [Panama: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Panama
    - LANIC
    - Panama Canal Zone: Part of Country of Panama / Map
      Panama Canal | Encyclopedia.com
      - Canal Zone: Where to Write for Vital Records
      - Culture of [Panama Canal Zone]
      - Panama Canal Zone Records
    - Panama.pdf
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LATIN AMERICAN: Hispanic - Latino
* COMPREHENSIVE: Iberian Region
  - Arts and Culture of Hispanic Origins
  - Arts and Culture of Latin American Origins
  - Arts and Culture of Latino Origins
  - Apellidos Italianos
    Genealogía Italiana en Español.
  - Archivos de Latinoamérica
    Directions to files, records of genealogical interest, resources and strategies.
  - Biblioteca Virtual da América Latina
    Virtual Library of Latin America.
  - Chicana/o-Latina/o Studies - Guides at Stanford University
  - Colonial Latin America
  - Directorio de Bibliotecas Españolas: Extranjero
  - General Archive of the Indies
    Spain's overseas territories: colonies in America and Asia.
  - HLAS Online: Handbook of Latin American Studies: Latindex
  - Latin America.pdf
  - Latin American and Caribbean Center
  - Latin American and Iberian Studies
  - Latin American and Spanish Videos Freely Available on the Internet
  - Latin American History
  - Latin American Institute of Museums
  - Latin American Studies
    - CLASP, Consortium of Latin American Studies Programs: Membership
    - Latin American Studies Association: Links
      Largest professional Association in the world for individuals
      and institutions engaged in the study of Latin America.
    - Latin American Studies - Guides at Stanford University
    - Online Resources - Center of Latin American Studies - KU
  - Monografias.com
    Tesis, Documentos, Publicaciones y Recursos Educativos.
  - United States: Chicana/o Studies and Latino Studies
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SOUTH AMERICA: Preface (Search Records) - South America / Map
* COMPREHENSIVE: Topic Outline of South America
  - Arts and Culture of South America
  - South America | Encyclopedia.com
* COUNTRIES:
  - Argentina: Preface - Argentina - Argentina / Country / Documents / Map
    Argentina | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Argentina
    - Argentina Civil Registration
    - Argentina.pdf
    - Culture of [Argentina: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Argentina
      - Abgra - Librarians Association
    - LANIC
    - Registro Civil | Buenos Aires Ciudad
      Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
    - Sites of Interest
  - Bolivia: Bolivia - Bolivia / Country / Documents / Map
    Bolivia | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Bolivia.pdf
    - Culture of Bolivia [Bolivia: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Bolivia
      - Bolivia Cultura: Bolivia.com
    - LANIC
  - Brazil: Preface - Brazil - Brazil / Country / Documents / Map
    Brazil | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Brazil Civil Registration - Vital Records
    - Brazilink Brazil
    - Brazil.pdf
    - Culture of Brazil [Brazil: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Brazil
      - Brazilian Studies Association
      - FEBAB
        Brazilian Federation of Associations of Librarians,
        the Information Scientists & Institutions.
      - Fundação Biblioteca Nacional: FBN Consorcio
      - Institute of Brazilian Studies
      - UnB Servicos - Links Interessantes
    - LANIC
    - Portal Brasil
    - Registro Civil
      - Registro Civil no Brasil
  - Chile: Preface - Chile - Chile / Country / Documents / Map
    Chile | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Chile Civil Registration
    - Chile.pdf
    - Culture of Chile [Chile: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Chile
      - Colegio de Bibliotecarios de Chile CBC | Asociación gremial
    - LANIC
    - Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificación
  - Colombia: Preface - Colombia - Colombia / Country / Documents / Map
    Colombia | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Colombia.pdf
    - Culture of Colombia (Colombia) [Colombia: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Colombia
      - CSIFIU: Colombian Studies Institute
    - LANIC
  - Ecuador: Preface - Ecuador - Ecuador / Country / Documents / Map
    Ecuador | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of Ecuador [Ecuador: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Ecuador
      - Ecuadorian Studies - Latin American Studies Association: Links
    - Ecuador.pdf
    - LANIC
  - Guyanese: Guyanese
    - Arts and Culture of the Guyanese
    - French Guiana: French Guiana - French Guiana / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      French Guiana | Encyclopedia.com: French American Dep. - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [La Guyane] - Topic Outline of French Guiana
      - LANIC
    - Guyana: Guyana - Guyana (Co-operative Republic of) / Country: Country / Doc. / Map
      Guyana | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of Guyana [Guyana: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Guyana
        - Guyana
        - National Library of Guyana
      - LANIC
    - Suriname: Suriname - Suriname / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Suriname | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Suriname: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Suriname
        - Historical Database Surinam - Cultural Heritage Connections
        - Nationaal Archief Suriname: Nationaal Archief Suriname
          - Links met betrekking op het archief wezen
      - LANIC
  - Paraguay: Paraguay - Paraguay / Country / Documents / Map
    Paraguay | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of Paraguay [Paraguay: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Paraguay
    - LANIC
    - Paraguay.pdf
  - Peru: Preface - Peru - Peru / Country / Documents / Map
    Peru | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of Peru [Peru: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Peru
      - Latin American Studies Association: Sections: Sección Perú
      - Quelcas: Portal of the Peruvian Libraries
        - Libros Peruanos - Inicio
          Portal cultural que promueve autores, editores y libros del Perú.
    - LANIC
    - Peru
    - Peru Church Records
    - Peru Civil Registration
    - Peru.pdf
  - Uruguay: Preface - Uruguay - Uruguay / Country / Documents / Map
    Uruguay | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of Uruguay [Uruguay: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Uruguay
    - LANIC
    - Portal del Estado Uruguayo
    - Uruguay.pdf 
  - Venezuela: Preface - Venezuela - Venezuela / Country / Documents / Map
    Venezuela | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
    - Culture of Venezuela [Venezuela: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Venezuela
      - National Library of Venezuela: BNV (Map Locations)
    - LANIC
    - Venezuela.pdf
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EUROPE: Preface - Europe / Map
* COMPREHENSIVE: Topic Outline of Europe
  - Arts and Culture of Europe
  - Biographical Perspectives on European Societies
  - Consortium of European Research Libraries
    Promoting Europe's cultural heritage in manuscript and print.
  - Europe | Encyclopedia.com
  - European History
  - European Studies - LibGuides at ACRL
  - European Studies Section – of the Association of College & Research Libraries
  - To Have & to Hold: Marrying & its Documentation in Western Christendom, 400 - 1600
    Google™ book search review, "through property deeds, marital settlements,
    dotal charters, church court depositions, and other indicia of marital consent." .
  - University of Warwick Network for Parish Research, Dept of History
    Study of British and European parishes circa A.D. 1300 to1800.
    Includes works on religious, social, political and cultural aspects,
    as well as interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives.
  - Vienna Database on European Family History
    Listings of European villages and towns from the 17th to the 20th century.
  - Visiteurope.com - The Official Portal of Europe
* SUB REGIONAL: Sub Regional
  - Preface: Links about Basques and Basque Culture
  - Slavic Studies
    - American Bibliography of Slavic & East European Studies
    - Slavic and East European Studies
    - Slavic, East Central and Southeast Europe, and Eurasia Studies
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EUROPEAN AREA COUNTRIES & REGIONS: [European Union - The World Factbook]
Arts and Culture of European Area Countries
* CENTRAL and NORTHWESTERN EUROPE: (vifanord - Project) Central & NW Europe
  - Arts and Culture of Central Europe and Northwestern Europe
  - Central and Northern Europe | Encyclopedia.com
  - AREA COUNTRIES:
    - Germany: Preface - Germany - Germany / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Germany | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of Germany / East Germany [Germany: Intro.] - Topic Outline of Germany
        - Archivportal-D
        - Clio-online
          Central Internet gateway for the
          historical sciences in Germany.
          - Institutionen
            - ASpB - BIB - VDB
            - German Libraries
            - German Library Association
            - Institut für Museumsforschung
        - German Studies
          - Centre for German-Jewish Studies: Resources | Research
          - German Studies
          - German Studies - LibGuides at ACRL
          - German Studies Resources
          - Germanic Studies - Guides at Stanford University
          - Institute of Modern Languages Research - Links
          - Internet | German Studies | Information Services
      - Germans To America.pdf
      - Germany Civil Registration
      - Germany Country Profile
      - Germany (East) (Former)
      - Germany Maps.pdf
      - Germany.pdf
      - Hinweise zur Genealogie (Genealogy)
      - Link Catalogue: Germany on the Internet - Goethe-Institut
      - Links zur Genealogie und Heraldik - regionalgeschichte.net
      - MetaGer - die MetaSuche über deutschsprachige Suchmaschinen
    - Liechtenstein: Liechtenstein - Liechtenstein / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Liechtenstein | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Liechtenstein: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Liechtenstein
        - European Microstates
      - Fürstentum Liechtenstein
      - Liechtenstein Country Profile
    - Poland: Preface - Poland - Poland / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Poland | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of Poland [Poland: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Poland
        - Archives in Poland
        - Polish Libraries (EBIB - Electronic Library)
          - Biblioteka Narodowa: CBN Polona
          - Poland | EIFL: Consortium
          - Polish Library in Washington - Links
        - Polish Studies Center - Links
          - Polish Studies: Research & Technology Guides
      - Guide to Resources on Poland
      - InfoPoland: Poland on the Web
      - Obtaining Polish Records
      - Poland Church Records
      - Poland Civil Registration - Vital Records
      - Poland Country Profile
      - Poland.pdf
      - Polish Webliography
      - Populations and People: Genealogy
      - Vital Records in Poland (plus Jewish information)
    - Switzerland: Preface - Switzerland - Switzerland / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Switzerland | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Switzerland: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Switzerland
        - BIS Bibliothek Information Schweiz
        - Schweizerische Nationalbibliothek NB -SwissInfoDesk Links: Links per Kanton
        - SwissStudies.org
        - SWITCH: Swiss Libraries
      - Genealogy in French-speaking Switzerland
      - Swiss Genealogy: Cantons
      - Swissworld.org
      - Switzerland Country Profile
      - Switzerland.pdf

  - BALTIC STATES REGION: Baltic Region / Map
    Comprehensive:
    - Arts and Culture of the Baltic States Region
    - Baltic States | Encyclopedia.com
    - Baltic States.pdf
    - Baltic Studies AABS
    - Baltic Studies - Guides at Stanford University
    - Guide to Resources on the Baltic Region
    Countries:
    - Estonia: Preface - Estonia - Estonia / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Estonia | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of Estonia [Estonia: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Estonia
        - Estonia | EIFL: Consortium
        - Estonian Librarians Association
        - Estonian Libraries on the Internet
      - Estonia Country Profile
      - Estonian Webliography
      - Estonian World
      - Guide to Resources on Estonia
    - Latvia: Preface - Latvia - Latvia / Country - Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Latvia | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of Latvia [Latvia: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Latvia
        - Latvia | EIFL: Consortium
        - Latvia SIG - Latvian State Historical Archives
      - Guide to Resources on Latvia
      - Latvia Country Profile
      - Latvian Webliography
    - Lithuania: Preface - Lithuania - Lithuania / Country: Country / Doc. / Map
      Lithuania | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of Lithuania [Lithuania: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Lithuania
        - Lithuania | EIFL: Consortium
        - Lithuanian Librarians' Association
      - Guide to Resources on Lithuania
      - Lithuania Country Profile
      - Lithuanian Webliography

  - BENELUX REGION: Benelux Region / Around Guides:
    [Be-ne-lux = BE: Belgium - NE: Netherlands - LUX: Luxembourg]
    - Arts and Culture of the Benelux Region
    Countries:
    - Belgium: Preface - Belgium - Belgium / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Belgium | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Belgium Civil Registers
      - Belgium Country Profile
      - Belgium Population Registers
      - Belgium.pdf
      - Culture of [Belgium: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Belgium
        - Belgian Association for Documentation
        - Dutch Culture
          - Association for Low Countries Studies: Links
          - Dutch Studies - LibGuides at ACRL
        - Flemish Association for Library, Archives and Documentation
        - Ons Erfdeel - Links
          The Flemish-Netherlands cultural association.
        - State Archives in Belgium: Archives Depositories
    - Luxembourg: Luxembourg - Luxembourg / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Luxembourg | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Luxembourg: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Luxembourg
        - ALBAD
        - Archives Nationales de Luxembourg
          - Recherche généalogique
      - Luxembourg Country Profile
      - Luxembourg.pdf
    - Netherlands: Preface - Netherlands - Netherlands / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Netherlands | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Netherlands: Introduction] - Topic Outline of the Netherlands
        - CAANS - ACAEN: Organizations & Centres for Netherlandic Studies
        - Internationale Vereniging voor Neerlandistiek (IVN)
        - KNVI: Nederlandse Vereniging voor Beroepsbeoefenaren . . .
          - Netherlands Public Library Association
        - Mutual Cultural Heritage - Cultural Heritage Connections
      - Islands: Dependent Territory
      - Netherlands Civil Registration - Vital Records
      - Netherlands Country Profile
      - Netherlands.pdf

  - FRISIAN REGION: Frisian Region / Map
    - Arts and Culture of the Frisian Region
    - Frisians | Encyclopedia.com

  - SCANDINAVIAN REGION: Scandinavian / Map
    Comprehensive:
    - Arts and Culture of the Nordic Region
    - Arts and Culture of Scandinavia
    - Culture of Scandinavian Region
      - Scandinavian Studies
        - American-Scandinavian Foundation
        - Internet | Scandinavian Studies | Information Services
        - Scandinavian Studies - LibGuides at ACRL
        - Scandinavian Studies Subject Guide
        - Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Studies: Other Sites of Interest
    - Scandinavia | Encyclopedia.com
    - Scandinavia.pdf
    Countries: Nordic - Project Runeberg
    - Denmark: Preface - Denmark - Denmark / Country: Country / Denmark / Map
      Denmark | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Civil Registration System in Denmark
        Registration of births, marriages and deaths, etc., has for centuries
        taken place in the parish registers. An actual registration
        of the nation's population did not take place until 1924,
        when an act of parliament created local municipal registers.
        - Denmark Civil Registration - Vital Records
      - Copenhagen and Denmark Links
      - Culture / Culture of [Denmark: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Denmark
        - Danish Library Association Links
        - Nordic Studies - Denmark
        - Royal Library
          - Electronic Resources
          - Genealogy: Danish Collections (The National Collections)
      - Denmark Church Records
      - Denmark Country Profile
      - Denmark.pdf
      - Genealogy of News (pdf)
        Researching journalistic food-chains [Denmark].
      - Islands: Dependent Territory
    - Finland: Preface - Finland - Finland / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Finland | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of Finland [Finland: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Finland
        - Kirjastoseuran etusivu
        - Nordic Studies - Finland
      - Finland Church Records
      - Finland Civil Registration - Vital Records
      - Finland Country Profile
      - Finland.pdf
      - Guide to Resources on Finland
      - thisisFINLAND
      - Virtual Finland
    - Iceland: Preface - Iceland - Iceland / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Iceland | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Iceland: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Iceland
        - Institute for Icelandic Studies: Forsíða
        - Nordic Studies - Iceland
        - Timarit.is - Search
      - Iceland Country Profile
      - Iceland.pdf
    - Norway: Preface - Norway - Norway / Country / Documents / Map
      Norway | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Norway: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Norway
        - Nordic Studies - Norway
        - Norway Archives and Libraries
        - Norway Cultural Profile (archived)
        - Norwegian Library Association
      - HUNT - The Nord Trøndelag Health Study
        Personal and family medical histories database.
      - Islands: Islands - Dependent Territory
      - Norway Country Profile
      - Norway Vital Records
      - Norway.pdf
      - Norwegian Historical Data Centre
        - Historical Microdata around the World (1st version) (archived)
      - Oluf Rygh: Norwegian Farm Names: Search Form
        Late 19th century land registry catalogue over
        the names of the main Norwegian farms.
    - Sweden: Preface - Sweden - Sweden / Country: Country / Documents / Map
      Sweden | Encyclopedia.com - Universities: Education
      - Culture of [Sweden: Introduction] - Topic Outline of Sweden
        - Nordic Studies - Sweden
        - Preface: Nordisk familjebok
          Digital facsimile of Nordisk familjebok,
          Sweden's most comprehensive encyclopedia.
        - Swedish Library Association
          - National Library of Sweden
            - Centrala Avtal Databaser - For Libraries - LIBRIS
      - Demographic Data Base: Parish Regiister Material
        - Genealogical Service - Umeå University, Sweden
      - Giving Up Foreign Names (pdf)
        Empirical examination of surname change and earnings.
      - Population Registration in Sweden
      - Sweden Church Records
      - Sweden Country Profile
      - Sweden.pdf
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* belarus