TOP SEARCH ENGINES and DIRECTORIES
Genealogy and Family History Internet Portals and Browsers
Worldwide search engine information and databases for webmasters,
research specialists, genealogists and family historians.

CURRENT INFORMATION
Does Google™   Spy On Me?
Give Me Back My  GOOGLE™
Global Research Library,  Inc.
Information Today - Periodicals
Interactiva Directory: Genealogy
Mix | Curate | Share: In One Place
MyHeritage Wiki: Genealogy Data
NetMarketShare and Search Engine
 PDF Search Engine | Search Engine
Search DuckDuckGo: All Anonymously
Search Engine History: 1945 to Google™
Search Engines List (Top 50) - oTechWorld
Search Information: OnGenealogy Directory
Searching the Internet:   2024 Guide To (pdf)
SEG --- Search Engine Relationship Network
Similarsites.com: [Directory --- Google™.com]
The Best Academic Search Engines- Paperpile
Top 26 List of Search Engines in the World
Top Genealogy Websites in the World
TopSite [Tag - Topic]


MillionShort
    Discover sites that just don't make it to the top of the search engine results for whatever
    reason; (poor SEO, new site, small marketing budget, competitive keyword / s, etc.).
New Explore Historical Images Tool for Searching Records • FamilySearch
Quick links to popular sites: The 10 Best Image Search Engines
Reverse Image Search - Search by Image on Android & iPhone
WOW.com: Imgur:  The Most Awesome Images on the Internet
 

GENERAL INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES
WEB SEARCH ENGINE: Web Search Engines
* Artificial Intelligence Discovery and Detection Tools 2024
  Comprehensive series of competent miniguide resources and sources
  that are currently freely available on the Internet; constantly updated.
* Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
  - 7 Best AI Search Engines to Use as Google™ Alternatives
    - Perplexity (Where Knowledge Begins)
      - Can This A.I.-Powered Search Engine Replace Google™?
        It Has for Me. - The New York Times.
      - (Sample Search: "Thomas Milton Tinney, Sr.")
  - 7 Best AI-based Search Engines Popular in 2024
  - 9 AI Search Engines to Know | Built In
  - 15 Largest AI Companies in 2024 | Stash Learn
  - 62 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Companies to Know | Built In
  - ai and Artificial Intelligence - Google™ Scholar
  - Artificial Intelligence (AI): What it is and Why It Matters | SAS
  - Artificial intelligence - Expert Systems, Algorithms, Automation | Britannica
  - Best AI Search Engines to Try in 2024
  - Best AI Search Engines of 2024: Google, Perplexity, and More | ZDNET
  - ChatGPT | OpenAI
  - Empowering Genealogists with Artificial Intelligence - National Genealogical Society
  - Forbes 2024 AI 50 List - Top Artificial Intelligence Startups
  - ‎Gemini - Chat to Supercharge Your Ideas (Google™)
  - Genealogist’s Guide to Artificial Intelligence
  - Genealogy and Artificial Intelligence (AI) | Facebook®
    Explore the intersection of genealogy and artificial intelligence (AI).
    Harness the power of new AI-based technologies; its benefits and limitations.
  - Glossary of Artificial Intelligence
  - List of the Best 30 AI Search Engines | 2024 | Aixploria
  - Microsoft Copilot in Bing - Your Everyday AI Companion.
  - Timeline of Artificial Intelligence
  - Writing a Family History Using AI Chat - James Tanner (21 Jan 2024) - YouTube™
* List of Search Engines: Top 15 Best Search Engines
  - 8 Best Search Engines of 2024
* National Association of Special Education Teachers: Search Engines
  Listing of many Internet search engine sites for exceptional children.
* SEO Glossary: 200+ Terms & Definitions You Need to Know
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BROWSERS - DIRECTORIES - PORTALS:
BROWSERS: History of the Web Browser - Timeline of Web Browsers
* 20 Things I Learned About Browsers & the Web
* Brave Browser
  Secure, fast and private web browser with Adblocker. Also, this site
  incorporates the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine's lookup process.
  [Whoa! Brave browser can now show you web pages that no longer exist.]
  When the browser encounters 404, 408, 410, 451, 500, 502, 503, 504, 509,
  520, 521, 523, 524, 525, and 526 errors, it lets you click a button to show
  the archived page from that site, if it exists in their archived database.
* Browsers & Technologies: The Evolution of the Web
* Browserscope
  Community-driven project for profiling web browsers; to foster innovation
  by tracking browser functionality and to be a resource for web developers.
* Browsershots
  Check browser compatibility, cross platform browser test.
* Comparison of Web Browsers: List of Web Browsers
  - Firefox®: Download Firefox® - Firefox for Android
  - Google™ Chrome: Google™ Chrome - Google Mobile Services: Android (apps)
    Get a fast new browser. For PC, Mac, and Linux.
  - Internet Explorer: Internet Explorer Downloads - Microsoft Edge
  - Online Research Browsers and Data Visualization Tools (pdf)
  - Opera Web Browser: Opera Browser - Opera Mobile
  - Safari Web Browser: Apple - Safari
    Browse the web in smarter, more powerful ways.
  - UC Browser
  - Usage Share of Web Browsers: Mobile Browser
DIRECTORIES: 2025 Directory of Directories - Marcus P. Zillman (pdf)
* 2025 Directory of Directories (pdf)
* List of Web Directories
PORTALS: Definition of a Web Portal
Traditional search engines have transformed themselves into web portals.
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MAJOR SEARCH ENGINES:
* Baidu: [百度一下，你就知道]
  Baike.com: [互动百科-百科更权威]
  Baidu Baike: [百度百科_全球最大中文百科全书]
  Chinese Wikipedia: [维基百科，自由的百科全书]
  Soso (search engine): [搜狗搜索引擎 - 上网从搜狗开始] - [English Search]


*       Google™:  The Keyword | Blog - Topic Outline of Google™
  "When someone types your name inside quotation marks on the popular search
  engine Google™, your history emerges, with your past places of employment,
  significant others, athletic achievements and academic record potentially popping
  up on the screen.  Any variation on the spelling of a name -- say, dropping the 'W.'
  in 'George W. Bush' -- also alters the results."  (Can be used on any search engine.)
  - 9to5Google™: 9to5Google - YouTube™
    9to5Google™ covers the latest in Google™: the nitty gritty of Android, the latest
    handsets from the various Android OEMs, and coverage of all Google-related stuff.
  - AncestorSearch: Google™ Custom Search
  - Directory of Google™ Custom Search Engines
    - Google™ Custom Search - Search Just United States: State Web Sites
    - Google™ Custom Search - Search Just United States: Counties Only
    - Google™ Custom Search - Search Just United States: Cities Only
  - Google™ | Facebook®
  - Google™ (@Google) | X
  - Google™ Guide: Help with Searching: Google™ Search Help
    - Google™ | Inside Search
      Improve Google™ search skills with Power Searching
      and Advanced Power Searching online courses.
  - Google™ Like a Law Librarian
    LibGuides at William S. Richardson School of Law.
  - Google™ Resources - Google™ for Research
    Yale University Library Research Guides at Yale University.
  - Google™ Search
    LibGuides at New York Institute of Technology.
  - Google™ Search Operators: The Complete List (42 Advanced Operators)
    - Example: intext:tinney
      Any results containing the word “tinney” in the page content will be returned.
    - Example: intitle:tinney
      Any results containing the word “tinney” in the title tag will be returned.
    - Example: inurl:tinney
      Any results containing the word “tinney” in the URL will be returned.
    - Example: map:happy valley™
      Google™ shows map results for the specific location desired for evaluation.
  - Google™ Toolbar
  - Google™ Tutor: Tutorials & Tips for Google Users
  - Grow with Google™
    Learn Digital Skills, Prepare for Jobs, Grow Your Business.
  - Hot Tips on How to Use Google™ for Genealogy Searches
    - Cyndi's List - Googling for Your Grandma
    - Easy Google™ Genealogy Searcher by Ancestor Search
      Learn the possibilities Google™ offers for a genealogy search.
    - Genealogy Search using Google™
      WebSearch Wizard steps one, two and three.
    - Getting the Rest of the Gold out of the Google™ Goldmine for Genealogists Part 1
    - Getting the Rest of the Gold out of the Google™ Goldmine for Genealogists Part 2
    - Getting the Rest of the Gold out of the Google™ Goldmine for Genealogists Part 3
    - Getting the Rest of the Gold out of the Google™ Goldmine for Genealogists Part 4
    - Getting the Rest of the Gold out of the Google™ Goldmine for Genealogists Part 5
    - Getting the Rest of the Gold out of the Google™ Goldmine for Genealogists Part 6
    - Getting the Rest of the Gold out of the Google™ Goldmine for Genealogists Part 7
    - Google™ Genealogist (part 1) - YouTube™
      Utilizing the latest tools from Google to find your family history.
    - Google™ Genealogist (part 2) - YouTube™
      Utilizing the latest tools from Google to organize your family history.
    - Google™ Genealogist (part 3) - YouTube™
      Utilizing the latest tools from Google to organize your family history.
    - Google™ Genealogy Style
      Google™ power search tips for genealogists.
    - How To Do Custom Searches with Google™ for Genealogists: Part 1
    - How To Do Custom Searches with Google™ for Genealogists: Part 2
    - How To Do Custom Searches with Google™ for Genealogists: Part 3
    - How To Do Custom Searches with Google™ for Genealogists: Part 4
    - How to Refine Google™ Genealogy Searches
    - How to Use Google™ Advanced Search for Genealogy - Part 1
    - How To Use Google™ Advanced Search for Genealogy - Part II
  - List of Google™ Products
    - Google™ - Products
      Meet your Google™ Assistant.
    - The Google™ Cemetery
      Google™ Graveyard: Dead Google™ products.
  - Scholar's Guide to Google™
    Research Guides at Harvard Library.
    - Google™ Books
    - Google™ Scholar
    - Google™ Web
  - YouTube™ - Google™: Channels - How YouTube™ Works
    Experience the world of Google™ on our official YouTube™ channel.
    Watch videos about our products, technology, company happenings
    and more. Subscribe to get updates from all your favorite Google™
    products and teams.


*                         Mozilla Blog - Mozilla Firefox®:
  Mozilla Firefox® Web Browser for Mac, PC & Linux [Mozilla Project]
  Faster, more secure and customizable.
  - Mozilla Firefox®

*          MSN®: MSN® [Microsoft Windows - Office 365]
  - Bing™: Bing™ Search Blog
  - List of Services by MSN®
  - MSN.com - Hotmail, Outlook, Skype, Bing, Latest News, Photos & Videos
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MEGA-MULTI SEARCH:
* All Internet Resources by Title
  List pulls together all of the free Internet Resources found in the various subjects.
* All My Faves: Visual Bookmarks & Web Directory
* Beaucoup! 2,000+ Search Engines, Indices and Directories
* CEOExpress® Multi-Search
* Dogpile® Web Search
* Find List of Global Search Engines with Search Engine Colossus
* Instya MultiSearch
* Ixquick™: Startpage™ Search Engine
* Metasearch Search Engine - Search.com
* Search-22 - Internet Search Engines
* UnaBot® - All-in-One Meta Search Engine
* WebCrawler® Web Search
* Yahoo!®
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MULTI SEARCH INFORMATION:
* 100+ Alternative Search Engines You Should Know
* Bots, Blogs & News Aggregators
* British Broadcasting Corporation: BBC Home
  Breaking News, World News, US News, Sports, Business,
  Innovation, Climate, Culture, Travel, Video and Audio.
  - Learn more about what we do
    World's largest broadcasting organization.
* Broadcasting - Research Guides at Library of Congress
* Cyndi's List - Search Engines
* Dotdash
  Looking for answers, advice and inspiration.
  - Lifewire - Tech Untangled
  - The Balance - Make Money Personal
  - The Spruce - Make Your Best Home
  - ThoughtCo.com is the World's Largest Education Resource
  - TripSavvy - Vacation Like a Pro
  - Verywell - Know More. Feel Better.
* HotSheet® Best Websites Directory - Super Search - News
* List of Search Engines
* refdesk.com
  Search engine resources.
* Search Engine Colossus
  International directory of search engines.  Conduct exhaustive web searches
  using English, or the home languages of countries.  Submit to search engines.
* Search Engine Guide Blog
* Search Engine List
  Comprehensive list of Search Engines.
* Search Engines of the World
* Search Links
  Top search engines, directories, libraries and metasearch pages.
* Top 50 Search Engines
* Web Search Engines
* Wiki.com
* Wolfram|Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine
* YaCy - The Peer to Peer Search Engine
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REGIONAL & EUROPEAN SEARCH ENGINES:
* EUROPE: EUROPAGES - unbubble
  - European Search Engines, Directories and Lists
  - Euroseek.com
    Europe > @ the First European Web Directory
  - Ezilon Europe - Regional Web Directory and Search Engine
  - Regional Genealogy and Local History Research in Europe
  - Search Engine Market Share Europe | StatCounter Global Stats
  - Search Engines: Beaucoup! Geographical - Europe
  - Search Europa
  - Search Europe:
    - Austrian, Swiss, German Search Engines; Italian, French, Russian Search Engines
    - France
      - How to Find French Websites
      - Qwant® - The search engine that respects your privacy
    - Germany
      - MetaGer: Privacy Protected Search & Find
    - Russia
      - Mail.Ru: почта, поиск в интернете, новости, игры
      - VKontakte
      - Yandex
    - Switzerland
      - Swisscows the secure search engine
    - United Kingdom UK Search Engines from Search Engine Colossus
      - Oscobo - Search the Web
* INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES:
  - Genealogy Guide to Google™ Country Search Engines
    - Google™ Translate
  - Searchenginesindex.com
    English language search engines in all countries in the world.
    - Brazil: Universo Online
    - China: Baidu.com
      - qq.com
      - sina.com.cn
      - Top 100 Chinese Websites
    - India: rediff.com/
    - Israel: Top Search Engines & Directories in Israel
    - Korea: Naver
    - New Zealand: New Zealand Search Engines and Directories
    - Slovenia: Najdi.si
    - Vietnam:  Cốc Cốc | browser - surf web Vietnamese style.
  - Top Search Engine Websites in the World
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Argentina
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Australia
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Austria
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Belgium
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Brazil
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Bulgaria
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Canada
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Chile
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Colombia
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Croatia
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Czech Republic
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Denmark
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Egypt
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Finland
    - Top Search Engine Websites in France
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Germany
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Greece
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Hong Kong
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Hungary
    - Top Search Engine Websites in India
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Indonesia
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Iraq
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Ireland
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Israel
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Italy
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Japan
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Kuwait
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Malaysia
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Mexico
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Morocco
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Netherlands
    - Top Search Engine Websites in New Zealand
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Norway
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Pakistan
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Peru
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Philippines
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Poland
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Portugal
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Qatar
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Romania
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Russian Federation
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Saudi Arabia
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Serbia
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Singapore
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Slovakia
    - Top Search Engine Websites in South Africa
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Spain
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Sweden
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Switzerland
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Taiwan
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Thailand
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Turkey
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Ukraine
    - Top Search Engine Websites in United Arab Emirates
    - Top Search Engine Websites in United Kingdom
    - Top Search Engine Websites in United States
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic Of
    - Top Search Engine Websites in Vietnam
* REGIONAL (Multi):
  - Ezilon®.com
    Regional web directory and search engine.
  - Global Gateway: World Culture & Resources (Library of Congress)
    - LOC @ Internet Archive Wayback Machine]
    Library of Congress selective links (including search engines),
    providing authoritative and in-depth information
    about the nations and other areas of the world.
  - Google's Vast Domain: A Google Country-Level Site List
    Websites in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America & Oceania.
  - Kurdistan: [Egerin: Egerin Search Engine]
  - Middle East Search Engines – What you need to know | IstiZada
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INSTRUCTIONS: GENERAL INTERNET USE
Internet - Portal:Internet
* Bare Bones 101
  Basic tutorial on searching the web.
* Beginners Quick Reference Guide to Being Online
* Best Tools for Finding Information When Google™ Isn't Enough
* digitalliteracy.gov
  Hub for teaching web skills.
* Fagan Finder
  Find anything and everything online.
* Finding Information on the Internet - Information Literacy
  LibGuides at University of Groningen
* Free Internet Tutorials at GCFLearnFree
  From seniors learning computer basics to seasoned professionals brushing up
  on Microsoft Office to unemployed individuals gaining career skills to students
  practicing math, everyone can find something useful.  All sizes and types have
  benefited, including K-12 schools, home school groups, colleges, libraries,
  prisons, churches, community centers, employment centers, hospitals, businesses,
  government agencies, and nonprofits with a variety of missions and populations.
* Guide To Searching the Internet (pdf)
* How To - Learning Guide | Website Builders.com
  - Find Information
* Internet 101 | Computer Science | Computing | Khan Academy
  Learn how the internet works - everything from WiFi
  and IP addresses to cybersecurity and crime.
* Internet Basics: WebQuest.Org
  - Best Search Tools Chart | Infopeople
* Newbie.org
  Tutorials, trainers, online lessons and references for the newbie.
* Open Learning - OpenLearn - Open University
  - History & The Arts
    - Culture
      - Literature and Creative Writing
        - Writing Family History
    - History
      - Heritage
        - Genealogy
  - Library Services: Library Resources
  - OpenLearn Create: Free Courses
    Create and publish your own free courses.
  - Safari
    Skills accessing, finding and reviewing information
  - Tag Finder
    - Tag: ancestry - Tag: genealogy
* SearchTeam: Blog
  Search alone no more, when using the world's
  first real-time collaborative search engine.
* Using The Internet For Seniors: BBC WebWise - A to Z Glossary
  Beginner’s Guide by Cheeky Munkey.
* Virtual Training Suite
  Free Internet tutorials to develop Internet research skills.
* Web Search Engines FAQS: Questions, Answers & Issues
* Wires: Inside the Internet
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RESEARCH STRATEGIES: INTERNET EVALUATION
* 44 Free Tools to Help You Find What People Search For
* Association of Internet Research Specialists | AIRS: AIRS Search Engine
  Promotes profession through recognition, education and certification.
  - Use the Internet for Family History Research - Genealogy
* Association of Internet Researchers
  Academic association dedicated to the advancement
  of the cross-disciplinary field of Internet studies.
* Autocomplete - Search Help
  As you type into the search box, Google™ Suggest guesses
  what you're typing and offers suggestions in real time.
* blekko | slashtag search
  Results culled from a set of trusted websites;
  excluds material from such sites as content farms.
* BrightPlanet: Deep Web Intelligence
  - BrightPlanet | White Papers & Publications Archives
  - KwMap
    Keyword map for the whole Internet.
  - Search Engine Dictionary
    Use keywords, keyword map and WordNet
    for similar Internet word searching.
  - WordNet and WordNet Search - 3.0
    Online lexical reference system, with English nouns,
    verbs, adjectives and adverbs organized into synonym
    sets, each representing one underlying lexical concept.
    Different relations link the synonym sets.
* Cloud Computing
  - Cloud Computing
    - Cloud Basics for Nonprofits & Libraries
    - Development Cloud Solutions | Electric Cloud
  - Curlie - Computers: Internet: Cloud Computing
    - Cloud Reviews | Cloud Hosting | Managed Cloud | Cloud Storage & Apps
  - Grid, Distributed and Cloud Computing Resources Primer 2024 (pdf)
* Data Science Central® - Online Resource for Big Data Practioners
  Statistics to Analytics to Machine Learning to AI,
  with the latest information on technology, tools, trends, and careers.
  - Dataset Search
    Discovering millions of datasets on the web.
  - Datasets at the Library of Congress - Research Guides at Library of Congress
  - Machine Learning, Data Science, Big Data, Analytics
  - Open Data Science - Your Data Science and AI News Source
  - Top 20 Recent Research Papers on Machine Learning and Deep Learning
    - Top 7 Online Data Science Courses — 2024 Guide & Reviews – LearnDataSci
* DeepMind: News & Blog - Open-sourcing DeepMind Lab
  World leader in artificial intelligence research
  and its application for positive impact.
* DEEP WEB: Deep Web - JEP
  Deep Web Research and Discovery Resources (pdf)
  Internet annotated link dataset compilation.
  Deep Web Search | OpenSourceInternet.org
  What it is, why it exists, how to find it and Its inherent ambiguity.
  Content in the deep web is massive -- approximately 500 times
  greater than that visible to conventional search engines -- with
  much higher quality throughout.  Directed query technology is
  the only means to integrate deep and surface Web information.
  The information retrieval answer has to involve both "mega"
  searching of appropriate deep Web sites and "meta" searching
  of surface Web search engines to overcome their coverage problem.
  - Beyond Google™: The Invisible Web
    Some fast facts about the invisible web.
  - CompletePlanet (archived; discontinued March 2014)
    Discover over 70,000+ databases and specially search engines.
  - Deep Linking and Deeper Linking
  - DeepDyve - Search for Research
  - DeepPeep: DeepPeep: Discover the Hidden Web
    Eventually aims to make 90% of all WWW content accessible.
  - How to Search the Invisible Web - OnlineUniversities.com
  - Pipl - People Search
    Most comprehensive people search on the web.
  - White Papers
    By Internet Expert Marcus P. Zillman, M.S., A.M.H.A.
* Information Quality Resources (pdf)
  - Evaluating Resources
  - Evaluating Web Pages: Questions to Consider
* Mashable
  Leading source for news, information & resources for the Connected Generation;
  reports on digital innovation that empowers and inspires people around the world.
* Noodle Tools
  Information literacy: search strategies.
* Online Research Tools
  Online tools that will aid your research and searching of the Internet.
* Ultimate Guide to Boolean Search for Social Listening
* Using Online Resources and Sharing Information
  Free tutorials and strategies that provide information for refining web search skills.
* Using the Internet as a Dynamic Resource Tool for Knowledge Discovery (pdf)
* Web-based Internet Evaluation
  Evaluating Internet sites 101.
* Web Pages for Scholarly Societies
* World Wide Web Visual Search Engine: Content-based Image Retrieval
  - List of Visual Search Engines
    - Grokker.com
      Watch HD cooking, yoga, and fitness videos.
    - Kadaza: Visual Web Directory
      - Categories
        - Genealogy and Family Networks
    - Quintura™ for Kids: See & Find
      Click the words in the cloud to discover popular search topics or surf the web.
    - RevIMG
      Reverse visual search.
    - Same Energy | Visual Search Engine
    - The Entire Wiki with Photo and Video Galleries - WikiVisually
      - "Family History" Search Results - WikiVisually
      - Genealogy Search Results - WikiVisually
    - Yometa
      Most relevant search results, based on the combination of
      website rankings by the top 3 search engines – Google™, Bing™
      and Yahoo!®.  Results presented in a visually compelling manner
      that illustrates how they rank on the three engines simultaneously.
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SPECIALTY: GENEALOGISTS and HISTORIANS
UNDERSTANDING the INTERNET
All pre-modern historical events, recorded by individuals
deficient in Historiography procedures, (prior to modern
instant recording and reproduction capability), should be
evaluated as primary contemporaneous sources, subject
to some time lapse and cultural interjection of bias.
Genealogists, in the capacity of the expert witness, must
reduce the degree of removal from past physical and social
events, (through a thorough exhaustive understanding of all
surviving record sources); insomuch, that their opinion or
testimony of what is the "truth", (as contained in the written
documents or other valid sources), has the essential equivalent
trustworthiness equal to an unbiased eyewitness account.
* Ancestor Hunt
* Ancestor Search
  Find your family history with free genealogy search.
* Beginning Internet Genealogy
* Cyndi's List - Handy Online Starting Points
* Cyndi's List - Internet Genealogy
* Doctoral Study of the Use of the Internet for Genealogy (pdf)
  Kylie J. Veale has commenced a PhD research program
  with Curtin University of Technology, Australia, to examine
  how genealogists use the Internet, and to investigate the
  consequences of the development of genealogy
  as a significant Internet-based activity.
* Free Genealogy Search Engines
* FreeSearching.com
  Genealogy, family tree and lineages.
* Genealogist's Internet, 5th Edition: Links
  Comprehensive introduction and guide to
  researching British family history on the Internet.
* Genealogy Inforseeker
  Genealogy related search engines index.
* Genealogy Search Engine (5 billion free ancestral records +)
  Largest Free Ancestral Search Engine on the Internet.
  It is the leading independent genealogy search engine in the world
  and the leading free alternative to subscription genealogy websites.
  - Family Tree Search Engine
  - Rare Book Search Engine
* "GENEALOGY" vs ("SCHOLARLY GENEALOGY") searches:
  - AOL® (AOL®)
  - Bing™ (Bing™)
 -  Google™ (Google™)
  - Google™ Book Search (Google™ Book Search)
  - Google™ Groups (Google™ Groups)
  - Yahoo!® (Yahoo!®)
* Genealogy Webmaster - Webmasters
  The what, how and why of constructing
  and maintaining Internet genealogy sites.
* Glearch™
  Global search.
* History (University students develop their Internet research skills.)
  Learn how to make discerning use of the Internet to help find information
  for your coursework and assignments.  Free "teach yourself" practice tutorial
  that develops Internet information skills.
* Information Research: Genealogists & Family Historians
  Open access, international, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal; making accessible
  the results of research across a wide range of information-related disciplines.
  - Investigating the Information-seeking Behaviour of Genealogists & Family Historians
* Internet Guide: How to Find Your Family History and Cultural Roots (pdf)
  "For generations, members of your family have sent
  you the historical equivalent of a message in a bottle.
  They launched them from . . .  every corner of the world
  with every immigrant’s voyage to America.  Every day now,
  these messages, in the form of historical documents and records,
  are coming ashore from the vast ocean of information we call
  the Internet. . . . In the blink of an eye, the Internet makes it
  possible to do much of the searching from your own home. . . ."
* Live Roots Genealogy Search Engine
  Locating genealogical resources, both online
  and offline in repositories around the world.
* Mocavo and Findmypast
* MooseRoots | A Genealogy Research Engine (archived)
  Delivers deep insights via data-driven articles, visualizations and research tools.
* MyHeritage: SuperSearch™ Historical Records
  11,095,874,587 historical records and counting.
  - MyHeritage Education
    Features and tools that will help you make the most of your research.
* MyTrees.com™
  Genealogy, ancestry, family history
  search and family tree.
* Online Genealogical Research Resources
  BYU Studies review.
* Pedigree & Lineage Networking: Family Trees
* Primary Source: Genealogical Proof Standard
  - Primary Sources: What Are Primary Sources?
  - Using Primary Sources on the Web
    From Reference & User Services Association (RUSA).
* RecordsBase.com
  Public records and genealogy search engine.
* Researching Your Family Tree
  Self-paced tutorial is designed for beginning genealogists,
  with basic computer and Internet skills.
* Search Historical Records - Ancestry.com
  - Family History for Beginners | Learn | FamilySearch.org
* Search the Web's Free Genealogical Data
  Use Family Discoverer to search Linkpendium free genealogical data.
* TheGenealogist
  Leading British genealogy research website.
* You Searched for Genealogy - MakeUseOf
* W3 Search Engines - Internet Search Engines
  WWW-VL History.
* Who Can Find People?
  Information and resources for genealogists, family historians
  and researchers to find people, places and things.
* Wikipedia®: Help:Searching - Qwika
  Provides a detailed overview of Wikipedia's search feature,
  and instructions on using external search engines, such as Google™,
  to find information.  For a short introduction to searching Wikipedia®.
  - List of Wikipedias - Meta
  - Portal:Contents
    - Portal:Contents/A–Z Index
  - WIKIPEDIA® for GENEALOG* - GENEALOGY
    - Search Results - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
      Searched for family - [Index] - genealogy - [Index] ETC.
      Sample set: (10k of over 25k for genealog* and counting)
      - genealog* - Search results 00001 - 00500
      - genealog* - Search results 00501 - 01000
      - genealog* - Search results 01001 - 01500
      - genealog* - Search results 01501 - 02000
      - genealog* - Search results 02001 - 02500
      - genealog* - Search results 02501 - 03000
      - genealog* - Search results 03001 - 03500
      - genealog* - Search results 03501 - 04000
      - genealog* - Search results 04001 - 04500
      - genealog* - Search results 04501 - 05000
      - genealog* - Search results 05001 - 05500
      - genealog* - Search results 05501 - 06000
      - genealog* - Search results 06001 - 06500
      - genealog* - Search results 06501 - 07000
      - genealog* - Search results 07001 - 07500
      - genealog* - Search results 07501 - 08000
      - genealog* - Search results 08001 - 08500
      - genealog* - Search results 08501 - 09000
      - genealog* - Search results 09001 - 09500
      - genealog* - Search results 09501 - 10000
        - [Listed below are a few of the above numbered
          genealog* search results; showing  examples
          from results of 25,375 referenced, and counting.]
          - Almanach de Gotha
            Directory of Europe's highest nobility and royalty.
          - Anthroponymy
            Study of anthroponyms, the names of human beings.
            - Name: Category:Names
              - Clan names
              - Ethnonyms
              - Family Name
              - Given Name
                - Category:Given Names
                  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
              - Nickname
              - Patronymic
              - Personal Name
              - Surname
                - Category:Surnames
                  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
                - Surname Newsgroups: Blogs, Genealogy Newsletters and Periodicals
          - Family
            - 0-9  ·  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
            - Category:Family: Category:Families
          - Family History
            - Family History Society
          - Family Tree
          - Genealogia Deorum Gentilium
          - Genealogical Bewilderment
            Group of psychological problems stemming
            from lack of knowledge of one's ancestors.
          - Genealogical DNA test
          - Genealogical Method
          - Genealogical Numbering Systems
          - Genealogical Society of Ireland
          - Genealogical Society of Utah
          - Genealogies of Genesis
            - Alphabetic History of Civilization: Ancient and Modern Genealogies
          - Genealogies of the Nobles
            History book related to Islam, authored
            by Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri (d. A.D. 892).
          - Genealogy
            - Academic genealogy of Theoretical Physicists
            - Category:Genealogy
            - Category:Genealogy and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
            - Genealogy (Foucault): Michel Foucault
            - Genealogy of Khadijah's Daughters
              - Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, first wife, of
                the last of the Prophets of Islam: Muhammad.
                She had six children.  See also: Muhammad's Wives
            - Genealogy of the British Royal Family
            - Genealogy of the Spanish Royal Family
          - Genealogy Software
            - Ancestry.com - Wikipedia: (Ancestry.com Corporate)
            - Gramps
              Acronym of Genealogical Research and
              Analysis Management Programming System.
          - Genetic Genealogy
          - Kinship Terminology
          - Nobility
            - Category:Nobility
          - Toponymy
            Scientific study of place-names (toponyms),
            their origins, meanings, use and typology.
            - Category:Place Names
          - William the Conqueror
↑ upΛ



SPECIALTY: GENEALOGY and FAMILY HISTORY
LISTING of DIRECTORIES - LINKS SITES - PORTALS
* ABCgenealogy.com: A to Z Surname Links
* AccessGenealogy
  Free Genealogy - United States Genealogy.
* Alphabetical List | BYU Family History Library | HBLL
  List of all BYU Family History Library Lab resources.
  # A B C D E F G H  I  J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
* Ancestry / Genealogy / Family History Research Links From Pat Iurilli
* Archives.com: Blog
* Best of the Web | The New York Public Library (archived)
  Genealogy Search.
  - Family Genealogy and History Internet Web Directory™ - Wiki
    Scholarly Family History Mega Site of Internet Resources.
* Category:Language Link Templates Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki
* CoraWeb
  Helping you trace your family history in Australia and elsewhere.
* Curlie - Society: Genealogy
  Add or update URL, become an editor, general sites, world wide guides,
  ethnicity, magazines, organizations, references, regions, services and surnames.
  - Curlie - Society: Genealogy: Directories
  - List of Web Sites about Society: Genealogy
* Cyndi's List: Blog - Sitemap
  - Browse Categories Alphabetically:
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
  - Genealogy Categories:
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
* Cyndi's List - Free Stuff
* Earth Station Nine: Genealogical Resources
* EveryNameIndex.com: Site Map [United States]
  Here you will find lots of helpful genealogy links.
  - EveryNameIndex.com - Free Genealogy Indexes
  - Links A through E - Links F through H - Links I throught O - Links P through Z
* Family History and Genealogy
  Tracing your ancestors' story can help you understand your own.
  Start building your family tree with expert-written genealogy tutorials,
  database recommendations, surname meanings, search strategies, & ancestry charts.
* Family History Internet Sites
* Family History Web Directory
* FREE SEARCH: Family Genealogy and History Internet Education  Directory™ - Wiki
* Genealogy Indexer
* Genealogy Links
  Category index.
* Genealogy - Lists Etc. on Pinterest
* Genealogy Research Source List
  1000s of genealogical links| Kansas Heritage Group.
* Genealogy Resources on the Internet - Marcus P. Zillman
* Genealogy Resources [refdesk.com]
* Genealogy | StumbleUpon.com
* Genealogy Today
  Surname queries, genealogy news, articles and research tips.
* Genealogylinks.net
  Over 50,000 Genealogy Links for US, Canada, UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ;
  Other Countries; Continental Europe; Global Databases; Etc.
* GenealogyStore.com: GenealogyStore.com
  - Links Maintenance: A B C D E F G H "I" J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
* Good Web Guide
  Essential Genealogy Sites - News and Information.
  - Genealogy Resources for Britain & Ireland | News & Info |
* Harley Hahn's Internet Yellow Pages
* Helm's Genealogy Toolbox
  Oldest comprehensive (United States) genealogy and local history index.
* Interesting Links (archived), from the International Institute of Genealogical Studies
  [ A-B ] [ C-D ] [ E-F ] [ G-H ] [ I-J ] [ K-L ] [ M-N ] [ O-P ] [ Q-R ] [ S-T ] [ U-V ] [ W-X ] [ Y-Z ]
  Provides web-based courses for both family historians and professional genealogists.
  - Alphabetical List | BYU Library | Family History | BYU Library | Family History | HBLL
  - Category:International Institute for Genealogical Studies • A - C * FamilySearch
  - Category:International Institute for Genealogical Studies • C - E * FamilySearch
  - Category:International Institute for Genealogical Studies • E - E * FamilySearch
  - Category:International Institute for Genealogical Studies • E - I *  FamilySearch
  - Category:International Institute for Genealogical Studies • I -  P * FamilySearch
  - Category:International Institute for Genealogical Studies • P - U * FamilySearch
  - Category:International Institute for Genealogical Studies • U - Y * FamilySearch
  - Country Pages - The Family History Guide: Research Knowledgebase
  - Cyndi's List - Education (Genealogical) - Category Index / Related
  - FamilySearch Library - All Classes and Webinars • FamilySearch
  - GenealogicalStudies - Course Categories: Groups - Genealogy Wise
  - International Institute of Genealogical Studies: FORMS (now archived)
  - Learning Center and Resources • FamilySearch (Classes and Lessons)
  - Linkpendium - Find Your Genealogy and Family History: General
  - Rare Books & Manuscripts Section Genre Terms - Thesaurus:
    [+List: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ]
  - Research Outlines • FamilySearch  (Guides and Guidelines)
  - ThoughtCo.com - Family History and Genealogy (Resources)
  - ThoughtCo.com is the World's Largest Education Resource.
  - Worldwide Genealogy Facebook® Groups - Google™ Search:
    [Genealogy on Facebook® List: PDF Download of 2021 List]
* Ji's Site (archived)
  Free worldwide genealogy and family history research.
* Jolink Genealogy - Search Links
* Linkages Projects
  Network of long-term studies that contribute knowledge
  needed for local community participation.
* List of Genealogy Databases
* Mary's Genealogy Treasures
* MooseRoots | A Genealogy Research Engine
* MyGenShare
  Directory provides suggestions for a variety of websites.
* MyHeritage - Tribal Quest
  Documenting the family histories of tribal people for future generations.
* NGV Links (Nederlandse Genealogische Vereniging)
* OneSource Comprehensive Directory Index
* Online Genealogy Records by Location Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki
* Portal:Genealogy at GRAMPS
* Portal:Genealogy at Wikipedia®
* Research Wiki | ourFamily•ology
  Click on any of the letters (or titles) [TOPICS], to view title (s) with those letters.
* RootsWeb.com
  Home page of the loyal RootsWeb community.
  - RootsLinks - The RootsWeb.com URL Genealogy Registry
    Choose a category to see all listings available.
* Sirius Genealogy 2.0
  Learn, collaborate and teach fellow enthusiasts all
  about using technology in your genealogical quest.
* StateMaster - Encyclopedia: List of Genealogy Portals
* UK Genealogy-Links - National & International Links
* WebRing: Home & Family > Genealogy
* Wegwijzer genealogie
  Signpost Genealogy.
* WeRelate™
  Free web search engine and wiki for genealogy.
  - Browse Pages - Genealogy
* WorldCat®.org: The World's Largest Library Catalog
* Worldwide Links to Family History Sites
* www.dagr-esource.com
  Genealogy, family tree, lineages, surnames, birth and death records,
  census records, marriage and divorce records.
* 'Z' Liinks
  Genealogy sites, search & travel, tools, organizations & indices, and library links.
↑ upΛ

Top Search Engines and Directories: Genealogy &
Family History Internet Portals and Browsers ↑ upΛ
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All rights reserved.  Email: vctinney@sbcglobal.net
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